Emotionally focused therapy

Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) is a structured psychotherapy approach designed to address distress in adult relationships and attachment issues. It is grounded in research while focusing on emotions and their role in shaping interpersonal interactions and bonding patterns. Developed in the 1980s by Dr. Sue Johnson and Les Greenberg, EFT is based on the principles of attachment theory, which suggests that humans have an innate need to form strong emotional bonds with others.

Overview

EFT aims to help couples and families understand and reorganize their emotional responses and interactions to foster a secure bond and more positive, enduring relationships. The therapy is typically divided into three stages: de-escalation of negative cycles of interaction, restructuring interactions to foster a secure bond, and consolidation of new patterns of interaction.

Stages of EFT

Stage 1: De-escalation

The initial phase focuses on identifying negative interaction patterns and emotional responses that lead to conflict and distance in relationships. Therapists help clients understand how these patterns are connected to their emotional needs and fears.

Stage 2: Restructuring Interactions

In the second stage, the therapist guides the couple or family members through processes that promote the expression of softer emotions underlying the hard emotions like anger or resentment, which often drive conflict. This stage aims to create new, positive interaction patterns based on vulnerability and mutual understanding.

Stage 3: Consolidation

The final stage involves reinforcing the new patterns of interaction and applying them to solve future conflicts, thereby promoting lasting change in the relationship.

Techniques

EFT utilizes a variety of techniques to help clients explore and express their emotions, understand their partner's emotional cues, and create new interaction patterns. These techniques include reflective listening, validation, and evocative questioning.

Efficacy

Research indicates that EFT is an effective treatment for improving relationship satisfaction and emotional connection. It has been applied successfully to a variety of populations, including couples facing distress, families, and individuals with depression, anxiety, and trauma histories.

Applications

Beyond couples therapy, EFT has been adapted for use with families (Emotionally Focused Family Therapy), individuals (Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy), and specific populations, such as veterans and their partners dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Training and Certification

Professionals seeking to practice EFT can undergo training through various programs certified by the International Centre for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy (ICEEFT). Certification requires completion of an EFT externship, core skills training, and supervision.

Criticism and Limitations

While EFT is widely recognized for its effectiveness, some critics argue that more research is needed to understand its applicability across diverse cultures and populations. Additionally, EFT's focus on emotion and attachment may not be suitable for all individuals or relationship issues.