Endoscopic foreign body retrieval

Endoscopic Foreign Body Retrieval is a medical procedure aimed at removing foreign objects from the gastrointestinal tract using endoscopic techniques. This procedure is commonly performed when objects are ingested or inserted into the body and cannot be expelled naturally. The technique is minimally invasive, utilizing an endoscope - a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. This allows healthcare professionals to view the gastrointestinal tract and remove the foreign body without the need for open surgery.

Indications

Endoscopic foreign body retrieval is indicated in situations where foreign objects are lodged within the gastrointestinal tract and pose a risk of complications such as obstruction, perforation, or infection. Common objects include, but are not limited to, coins, batteries, bones, and small toys. In adults, the procedure is often necessitated by accidental ingestion, whereas in children, it is frequently due to curiosity leading to the ingestion of foreign objects.

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed under sedation or general anesthesia to ensure the comfort and safety of the patient. The type of endoscope used (gastroscopy for the upper gastrointestinal tract, colonoscopy for the lower gastrointestinal tract) depends on the location of the foreign body. The endoscope is carefully inserted through the mouth or rectum, and the foreign object is located using the camera. Once identified, various tools can be passed through the endoscope to grasp and retrieve the object. These tools include snares, nets, and forceps, among others.

Risks and Complications

While endoscopic foreign body retrieval is generally safe, there are potential risks and complications associated with the procedure. These may include bleeding, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, infection, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. However, the risk of such complications is relatively low, and the procedure is considered safer than open surgical methods of foreign body removal.

Aftercare

Post-procedure care typically involves monitoring for signs of complications, such as abdominal pain, fever, or bleeding. Patients are usually advised to follow a soft or liquid diet temporarily and may be prescribed medications to prevent infection. Most patients can resume normal activities within a short period following the procedure.

Prevention

Preventive measures to avoid the need for endoscopic foreign body retrieval include educating parents and caregivers about the risks of small objects around children and encouraging caution with items that pose a choking hazard. Adults should also be mindful of the risks associated with certain objects, such as bones in food or small components of dental appliances.