Entactogens

Entactogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine). The term was coined in the 1980s by David E. Nichols as an alternative to the term "empathogen", emphasizing the potential for these drugs to induce feelings of touch or physical connection.

History[edit | edit source]

The term "entactogen" was coined by Nichols in 1986, to avoid the stigmatizing connotations of the term "empathogen". The word is derived from the roots en- (inside), -tactus- (touch), and -gen (produce). Nichols hoped to emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of these drugs, which can induce feelings of insight, self-understanding, and empathy.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Entactogens are a class of drugs that include substances like MDMA, MDEA (3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine), and MBDB (Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine). They are often classified as phenethylamines, a broad class of drugs that also includes stimulants, hallucinogens, and depressants.

Entactogens are thought to affect the brain's serotonin system, increasing the concentration of this neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft. This can lead to heightened feelings of empathy, love, and emotional closeness. However, the exact mechanisms by which these drugs produce their effects are not fully understood.

Effects[edit | edit source]

The effects of entactogens can vary widely, depending on the specific drug and the dose used. However, common effects include feelings of empathy, emotional openness, and a sense of connection or oneness with others. These effects have led to the use of entactogens in psychotherapy, particularly in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Risks[edit | edit source]

While entactogens can have positive effects, they also carry risks. These can include neurotoxicity, particularly with repeated use. There is also the risk of substance abuse and dependence. Furthermore, because these drugs are often illegal, they may be adulterated with other substances, increasing the risk of harm.

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