Enzyme immunoassay
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) is a biochemical technique used in immunology. The EIA technique is primarily used for detecting the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. The EIA technique is a popular choice in many laboratories, including those that study plant pathology, veterinary medicine, and biomedicine.
Overview[edit | edit source]
The EIA technique is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. The antigen-antibody interaction is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction. The EIA technique uses enzymes as labels to detect the presence of the target molecule.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
The EIA procedure involves the following steps:
- Coating: The first step in the EIA procedure is coating the surface of a microtiter plate with a capture antibody. This antibody is specific to the target antigen.
- Blocking: The next step is blocking. This step prevents non-specific binding of other proteins to the capture antibody.
- Addition of Antigen: The antigen sample is then added to the plate. If the antigen is present in the sample, it will bind to the capture antibody.
- Addition of Detection Antibody: A detection antibody is then added. This antibody is also specific to the target antigen, but it is linked to an enzyme.
- Addition of Substrate: A substrate is then added. The enzyme linked to the detection antibody will react with the substrate, producing a color change.
- Reading the Plate: The plate is then read on a spectrophotometer. The intensity of the color change is proportional to the amount of antigen present in the sample.
Applications[edit | edit source]
The EIA technique has a wide range of applications in various fields. Some of the applications of the EIA technique include:
- Disease Diagnosis: The EIA technique is used for the diagnosis of various diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allergies.
- Food Testing: The EIA technique is used for testing food samples for the presence of allergens, toxins, and other contaminants.
- Drug Testing: The EIA technique is used for drug testing in sports and workplaces.
- Environmental Monitoring: The EIA technique is used for monitoring environmental pollutants.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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