Epileptic spasms

Epileptic spasms are a type of seizure that are common in the first year of life, known for their sudden, brief, and symmetric muscular contractions. Although the spasms tend to last only a second or two, they often recur in a series.

Causes

Epileptic spasms are often caused by an underlying brain disorder. These can include brain malformation, neurological disorder, brain injury, or genetic disorder. In some cases, the cause of the spasms is unknown, a condition referred to as cryptogenic epilepsy.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of epileptic spasms is the spasms themselves. These are typically characterized by a sudden flexion, extension, or mixed flexion-extension of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles. The spasms may be subtle or dramatic and may be more noticeable upon waking or going to sleep.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of epileptic spasms involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is often used to confirm the diagnosis. In some cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to identify any underlying brain abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment for epileptic spasms typically involves antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The choice of AED is often based on the specific type of seizures, the age of the patient, and the side effect profile of the medication. In some cases, surgery may be considered if the spasms are not controlled with medication.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with epileptic spasms varies. Some individuals may have a good response to treatment and achieve seizure control, while others may continue to have seizures despite treatment. The overall prognosis is often related to the underlying cause of the spasms.

Epileptic spasms Resources
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