Epithelial mesenchymal transition

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a biological process that allows a polarized epithelial cell, which normally interacts with the basement membrane via its basal surface, to undergo multiple biochemical changes that enable it to assume a mesenchymal cell phenotype, which includes enhanced migratory capacity, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, and greatly increased production of extracellular matrix components.

Overview

The transition from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell is a critical event in cell differentiation and development. This process is characterized by changes in cell morphology, adhesion, and migratory capacity. EMT is essential for numerous developmental processes including mesoderm formation and neural tube formation.

Role in Cancer

EMT has also been implicated in the progression of cancer. The process of EMT allows cancer cells to gain migratory and invasive properties, thus enabling metastasis. This is achieved through the downregulation of E-cadherin, a key protein involved in cell-cell adhesion.

Molecular Mechanisms

The molecular mechanisms of EMT are complex and involve a variety of signaling pathways, including the TGF-beta pathway, the Wnt pathway, and the Notch pathway. These pathways lead to the activation of transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, and Twist, which in turn repress E-cadherin expression and promote the mesenchymal phenotype.

Clinical Significance

Understanding the mechanisms of EMT has important implications for the treatment of cancer. Therapies that target the molecular pathways involved in EMT could potentially inhibit cancer progression and metastasis.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition Resources
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