Epstein-barr virus

Epstein-Barr Virus

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types. It is one of the most common viruses in humans, with a global prevalence of over 90%.

History

The Epstein-Barr virus was first discovered in 1964 by Michael Epstein and Yvonne Barr, from whom the virus takes its name. They discovered the virus while studying a form of cancer known as Burkitt's lymphoma.

Characteristics

EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus that primarily targets B cells in the human immune system. It is known for its ability to establish lifelong latent infections, during which the virus remains dormant in the host's cells.

Transmission

EBV is most commonly transmitted through contact with saliva, hence its nickname "the kissing disease". It can also be transmitted through blood and semen during sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations.

Diseases Associated with EBV

EBV is best known for causing infectious mononucleosis, also known as "mono" or "the kissing disease". However, it is also associated with various forms of cancer, including Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, gastric cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, it has been linked to certain autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Prevention and Treatment

There is currently no vaccine available for EBV, although research is ongoing. Treatment for diseases caused by EBV primarily involves managing symptoms and supporting the immune system.

See Also

• Herpesviridae
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Burkitt's lymphoma
• Hodgkin's lymphoma