Epstein barr virus

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a member of the herpesvirus family and one of the most common viruses in humans. It is named after the two researchers, Michael Epstein and Yvonne Barr, who first discovered and documented it in the mid-1960s.

Overview

EBV is found all over the world. Most people get infected with EBV at some point in their lives. It is most commonly spread through bodily fluids, primarily saliva. EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis, also known as "mono", and other illnesses.

Infection and Symptoms

After primary infection, the virus remains latent in the body's B cells and can reactivate throughout a person's lifetime. Symptoms of EBV infection can include fatigue, fever, inflamed throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, enlarged spleen, swollen liver, or rash. Most people are infected during childhood and experience few or no symptoms. However, when infection occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, it can lead to infectious mononucleosis in up to 50% of cases.

Diseases Associated with EBV

In addition to infectious mononucleosis, EBV is also associated with particular forms of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), such as hairy leukoplakia and central nervous system lymphomas. The virus also has a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of EBV infection is based on clinical symptoms and supported by laboratory testing, such as serology or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There is no specific treatment for EBV; care is supportive, with rest and hydration. Antiviral drugs are not typically used in uncomplicated cases.

Prevention

There is currently no vaccine available to prevent EBV infection. Avoiding kissing or sharing drinks and personal items with people who have an active EBV infection can reduce the risk of transmission.

See Also

• Herpesvirus
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Burkitt's lymphoma
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma