Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow (5 August 1846 – 22 October 1891) was an Austrian physiologist and pathologist known for his influential work in the fields of neurology and electrophysiology. He is best remembered for his development of an early version of the electrometer, a device crucial for the advancement of physiological research in the late 19th century. Despite his promising career, von Fleischl-Marxow's life was marred by personal struggles, including a debilitating addiction to morphine, which he developed following a laboratory accident.

Biography

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow was born in Vienna, Austria, into a family with a rich scientific background. His father was a respected physician, which influenced von Fleischl-Marxow's early interest in medicine and science. He pursued his medical studies at the University of Vienna, where he was particularly drawn to research in physiology and pathology.

After completing his education, von Fleischl-Marxow embarked on a career as a researcher and educator. He worked closely with several prominent scientists of his time, including Sigmund Freud, with whom he shared a deep interest in the study of the nervous system. Von Fleischl-Marxow's work in electrophysiology, specifically his improvements to the electrometer, significantly contributed to the understanding of electrical phenomena in biological systems.

Contributions to Science

Von Fleischl-Marxow's most notable scientific contribution was the refinement of the electrometer, an instrument that measures electrical charge. His version of the device was more sensitive and accurate than earlier models, enabling researchers to conduct precise measurements of electrical activity in nerves and muscles. This work laid the groundwork for future discoveries in neurology and physiology.

In addition to his work on the electrometer, von Fleischl-Marxow conducted extensive research on the physiology of the nervous system, particularly in relation to pain and sensory perception. His studies on the effects of morphine on pain management were pioneering, though they also led to his own addiction to the drug following an injury.

Personal Life and Legacy

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow's personal life was deeply affected by his addiction to morphine, which he initially used to alleviate the severe pain caused by a laboratory accident. Despite his struggle with addiction, he continued his research and teaching until his health significantly deteriorated. Von Fleischl-Marxow died in 1891 at the age of 45.

His legacy in the field of physiology and neurology is marked by his contributions to electrophysiology and his pioneering work on pain perception. Despite the personal challenges he faced, von Fleischl-Marxow's innovations have had a lasting impact on medical science.

See Also

• History of neuroscience
• Electrophysiology
• Addiction