Esophageal spasm

Esophageal spasm
Synonyms	Diffuse esophageal spasm, DES
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Chest pain, dysphagia
Complications	Aspiration pneumonia, weight loss
Onset	Typically middle age
Duration	Intermittent
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly nerve or muscle abnormalities
Risks	Anxiety, GERD
Diagnosis	Esophageal manometry, barium swallow, endoscopy
Differential diagnosis	Achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, angina
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Calcium channel blockers, nitrates, botulinum toxin, surgery
Medication	Diltiazem, nifedipine
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Esophageal spasm is a condition characterized by abnormal muscle contractions in the esophagus, the long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. These spasms can prevent food from reaching the stomach, causing it to come back up into the throat.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of esophageal spasm include:

• Chest pain that may spread outward to the arms, back, neck, or jaw
• Heartburn
• Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia
• Regurgitation of food or liquids
• Sensation of an object stuck in the throat, known as globus sensation

Causes

The exact cause of esophageal spasm is unknown. However, it may occur due to abnormal nerve activity in the esophagus. Certain factors may increase the risk of developing esophageal spasm, such as:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Anxiety or depression
• Consuming very hot or cold foods or drinks
• Certain medications, including those used to treat high blood pressure

Diagnosis

Esophageal spasm can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including:

• Barium swallow: This test involves swallowing a liquid that coats the esophagus and stomach, making them easier to see on an X-ray.
• Esophageal manometry: This test measures the rhythmic muscle contractions in your esophagus when you swallow.
• Endoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera down your throat to examine your esophagus.

Treatment

Treatment for esophageal spasm may include:

• Medications to relax the muscles in the esophagus
• Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections into the esophagus
• Surgery to cut the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus
• Psychotherapy for those whose spasms are related to anxiety or depression

See also

• Esophagus
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Dysphagia