Estuary

Estuary is a partially enclosed, coastal water body where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the sea. Estuaries, and their surrounding lands, are places of transition from land to sea. Although influenced by the tides, they are protected from the full force of ocean waves, winds, and storms by landforms such as barrier islands or peninsulas.

Characteristics

Estuaries are characterized by their unique biogeochemical features, such as variable salinity, high nutrient levels, and high primary productivity. These features make estuaries highly productive natural habitats.

Ecology

Estuaries provide a wide variety of ecosystem services including water filtration, storm protection, and providing habitat for many commercially and recreationally important species of fish and shellfish. They also serve as important nursery areas for many species.

Threats

Estuaries face threats from land use changes, pollution, and climate change. These threats can lead to changes in water quality, hydrology, and habitat loss, which can negatively impact the species that rely on them.

Conservation

Efforts to conserve and restore estuaries are important for maintaining their ecological health and the services they provide. These efforts can include land use planning, pollution control, and habitat restoration.

See also

• Coastal geography
• Salt marsh
• Mangrove
• Tidal river
• Fjord

Estuary Resources
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