Ethanolamine

Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine, ETA, or MEA) is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH₂CH₂NH₂. This colorless, viscous liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a significant biological compound and industrial chemical. Ethanolamine acts both as a primary amine and a primary alcohol. Due to its dual functionality, it is a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of various chemical products.

Properties

Ethanolamine is a bifunctional molecule containing both an amine and an alcohol group. This allows it to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, making it a valuable intermediate in the chemical industry. It is miscible with water, alcohols, and most organic solvents, but has limited solubility in hydrocarbons. Ethanolamine is a weak base and can form salts with acids.

Production

Ethanolamine is primarily produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia, a process that can yield mono-, di-, and triethanolamines. The reaction can be adjusted to favor the production of ethanolamine by controlling the stoichiometry and reaction conditions.

Applications

Ethanolamine has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties. It is used in the manufacture of surfactants and detergents, where it acts as an emulsifying agent. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used in the production of emulsions and as a pH adjuster. Ethanolamine is also a key ingredient in the production of herbicides, particularly those of the chlorophenoxy family. Additionally, it is used in gas treatment processes for scrubbing acid gases due to its ability to absorb carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

Safety and Environmental Impact

Ethanolamine is considered to be moderately toxic and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon exposure. It should be handled with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment. In the environment, ethanolamine can break down into harmless substances, but its release into water and soil should still be minimized to prevent potential harm to aquatic life and ecosystems.

See Also

• Ethylene oxide
• Amine
• Alcohol
• Surfactant
• Detergent