Euphorbia amygdaloides

Euphorbia amygdaloides, commonly known as wood spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. Native to parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa, it has also been introduced to other regions as an ornamental plant. This perennial herb is notable for its adaptability to various environments, thriving in both woodland settings and rocky areas. Its distinctive features include lance-shaped leaves and greenish-yellow flowers, which are actually bracts, that bloom in the spring and early summer.

Description

Euphorbia amygdaloides typically grows to a height of 30-60 cm. The plant forms a bushy clump with lanceolate, dark green leaves that are arranged spirally around the stem. The inflorescences are composed of cup-shaped, bright green bracts surrounding the actual flowers. These bracts are often mistaken for petals. The plant secretes a milky sap when damaged, which is characteristic of the Euphorbiaceae family. This sap contains toxic compounds and can cause irritation upon contact with skin or mucous membranes.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally from Europe, Asia, and North Africa, Euphorbia amygdaloides has a wide natural range. It prefers shaded woodland areas but can also be found in open rocky places, thriving in well-drained soils. Its adaptability has allowed it to become naturalized in other parts of the world where it has been introduced.

Cultivation and Uses

Euphorbia amygdaloides is cultivated as an ornamental plant for gardens and parks. It is valued for its foliage and the unique structure of its flowers. The plant is drought-tolerant and can be used in dry shade gardens where other plants might struggle to survive. However, care should be taken when handling Euphorbia amygdaloides due to its toxic sap. It is recommended to wear gloves and protective clothing to prevent skin irritation.

Toxicity

The milky sap of Euphorbia amygdaloides contains several toxic compounds, including diterpene esters. Contact with the skin can cause irritation, redness, and swelling. If the sap comes into contact with the eyes, it can lead to severe pain and temporary blindness. Ingestion of the plant can cause gastrointestinal distress, including vomiting and diarrhea. As such, it should be kept away from children and pets.

Conservation

While Euphorbia amygdaloides is not currently listed as endangered, its habitats are threatened by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and the introduction of invasive species. Conservation efforts are necessary to preserve its natural habitats and ensure the species' survival.

See Also

• Euphorbiaceae
• Perennial plant
• Ornamental plant
• Plant toxicity