European Elder

European Elder (Sambucus nigra) is a species of flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae. It is native to most of Europe and is also found in parts of Asia and North Africa. The plant is commonly known as Elder or Black Elder and is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 4–6 m (rarely to 10 m) tall.

Description

The European Elder has a bark of grey-brown, with lighter streaks. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, with five to seven leaflets, the leaflets 5–12 cm long and 3–5 cm broad, with a serrated margin. The flowers are creamy white, 5–6 mm in diameter, produced in large, flat corymbs 10–25 cm diameter in late spring to mid summer. The fruit is a glossy dark purple to black berry 3–5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in the late autumn.

Uses

The European Elder has a long history of use in traditional medicine. The flowers, leaves, berries, bark and roots have all been used for their healing properties. The berries are particularly high in vitamin C and are used to make elderberry wine, jams, jellies, and a traditional winter remedy for colds and flu. The flowers are used to make elderflower cordial, and are also popular in perfumery.

Cultivation

The European Elder is a hardy plant that can tolerate a range of conditions. It prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a fast-growing plant and can be propagated from cuttings or seeds.

Conservation

While the European Elder is not currently considered threatened, it is subject to loss through habitat destruction and over-harvesting for its medicinal and culinary uses.

See also

• Elderberry
• Adoxaceae
• Traditional medicine

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