Eurylaimidae

Black-and-red Broadbill - Kang Kra Chan - Thailand S4E5132 (14071725919)

Psarisomus dalhousiae - Kaeng Krachan

Serilophus lunatus by Jason Thompson

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Black-and-Yellow Broadbill - Thailand H8O6740

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Sarcophanops steerii

Eurylaimidae is a family of birds within the order Passeriformes, known commonly as the broadbills. These birds are found primarily in the tropical regions of Asia and Africa, with a majority of the species residing in Southeast Asia. The family is characterized by their broad bills, vibrant colors, and distinctive vocalizations. Eurylaimidae species are typically inhabitants of dense forests, where they feed on insects and fruits.

Characteristics

Members of the Eurylaimidae family exhibit a wide range of bright colors in their plumage, from greens and blues to yellows and reds. They have large heads with broad, flat bills that are often brightly colored, aiding in their foraging for insects, fruits, and small animals. These birds are relatively small to medium in size, ranging from 13 to 28 cm in length. Their wings are short and rounded, and they have strong legs that facilitate movement through dense foliage.

Habitat and Distribution

Eurylaimidae species are predominantly found in the tropical forests of Asia, particularly in the Indonesian archipelago, the Malay Peninsula, and parts of the Himalayas. A smaller number of species are located in the African tropics, mainly in the western and central regions. These birds prefer primary and secondary forests, often near water sources such as rivers and streams.

Behavior

Broadbills are diurnal, active primarily during the day. They are known for their unique nesting habits; many species construct elaborate hanging nests from twigs and fibers, suspended from tree branches. Eurylaimidae are generally solitary or found in pairs, though some species may gather in small groups, especially outside of the breeding season.

Diet

The diet of Eurylaimidae birds consists mainly of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates, along with fruits and berries. Their broad bills allow them to crush and manipulate a variety of food items, making them versatile feeders within their forest habitats.

Conservation

Several species within the Eurylaimidae family are considered to be at risk due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation, primarily as a result of deforestation for agriculture and logging. Conservation efforts are necessary to protect the remaining forest habitats and ensure the survival of these distinctive birds.

Classification

The family Eurylaimidae is divided into several genera, including Eurylaimus, Cymbirhynchus, and Serilophus, among others. These genera encompass a variety of species, each with its own unique characteristics and adaptations to their environments.