Euthanasia in New Zealand

2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum results

Euthanasia in New Zealand refers to the legal and ethical considerations surrounding the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering within the country. The topic has been a subject of significant public debate and legislative action.

Legal Status

Euthanasia in New Zealand was legalized following a public referendum held in conjunction with the 2020 general election. The End of Life Choice Act 2019 was passed by the New Zealand Parliament and came into effect on 7 November 2021. This legislation allows eligible individuals to request assisted dying under strict criteria.

Criteria for Eligibility

To be eligible for euthanasia under the End of Life Choice Act, a person must:

• Be aged 18 years or older.
• Be a citizen or permanent resident of New Zealand.
• Suffer from a terminal illness that is likely to end their life within six months.
• Be in an advanced state of irreversible decline in physical capability.
• Experience unbearable suffering that cannot be relieved in a manner they consider tolerable.
• Be competent to make an informed decision about assisted dying.

Process

The process for accessing euthanasia involves several steps: 1. The person must make a formal request to their attending medical practitioner. 2. The attending medical practitioner must assess the person’s eligibility. 3. A second independent medical practitioner must confirm the eligibility. 4. If there is any doubt about the person’s competence, a psychiatrist must also assess the person. 5. The person must be informed of their prognosis, the irreversible nature of the decision, and the alternatives available, including palliative care. 6. A waiting period is required before the procedure can be carried out.

Public Opinion

Public opinion on euthanasia in New Zealand has been divided. The 2020 referendum showed a majority in favor, with 65.1% voting to legalize euthanasia. However, there are still significant ethical, moral, and religious objections to the practice.

Ethical Considerations

The ethical debate around euthanasia involves several key issues:

• The sanctity of life versus the quality of life.
• Autonomy and the right to choose versus potential abuses and the slippery slope argument.
• The role of medical professionals in ending life.

Related Legislation

The End of Life Choice Act is part of a broader legislative framework that includes:

• The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, which guarantees certain fundamental rights and freedoms.
• The Health and Disability Commissioner Act 1994, which protects the rights of health and disability services consumers.

See Also

• Assisted suicide
• Palliative care
• Medical ethics
• New Zealand law
• Right to die