Everglades

1857 Everglades map

Everglades by Sentinel-2 (Original 10m Res)

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Everglades Geology

Florida Everglades Hydrology

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Hurricane Charley 13 aug 2004 1635Z

The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin within the neotropical realm. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee. Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river 60 miles wide and over 100 miles long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state. This unique ecosystem is noted for its large array of flora and fauna, including the American crocodile, the Florida panther, and the West Indian manatee, among others.

Geography

The Everglades experience a wide range of weather patterns, from frequent flooding in the wet season to drought in the dry season. The landscape is primarily composed of sawgrass marshes, mangrove forests, and the Florida Bay, which is the terminal point of the Everglades' aquatic journey. The region's geography makes it an essential part of the water cycle in Florida, contributing to the aquifer that supplies fresh water to millions of South Florida residents.

Ecology

The Everglades' ecology is highly diverse and interdependent. The area is home to thousands of species of plants and animals, many of which are endemic to the region. This biodiversity is supported by the complex interplay between the wetlands, water flow, and fire, which maintain the ecosystem's health. The American alligator, once endangered but now recovered, plays a crucial role in this ecosystem by creating gator holes that provide habitats for other wildlife during the dry season.

Conservation

The Everglades have faced significant ecological threats, including water pollution, habitat destruction, and invasive species. Efforts to restore the Everglades began in earnest with the passage of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) in 2000, which aims to restore natural water flow to the area and address water quality issues. Conservation efforts are ongoing and involve federal, state, and local agencies, as well as private and nonprofit organizations.

Cultural Impact

The Everglades hold cultural significance for various groups, including the Native American tribes such as the Seminole and Miccosukee, who have inhabited the region for thousands of years. The area's unique landscape has also inspired artists, writers, and musicians, contributing to its iconic status in American culture.

Challenges

Despite restoration efforts, the Everglades face ongoing challenges from climate change, urban expansion, and agricultural runoff. Rising sea levels threaten to alter the salinity of the Everglades, which could have devastating effects on its ecosystem. Continued efforts to balance the needs of human development with the preservation of this unique ecological system are crucial for its survival.