Exocannibalism

Exocannibalism is a form of cannibalism where individuals from one social or cultural group consume the flesh of individuals from another group. This practice has been observed in various societies throughout history and is often associated with ritualistic or symbolic significance. In this article, we will explore the concept of exocannibalism, its cultural and historical contexts, as well as its implications.

Definition and Cultural Significance

Exocannibalism, also known as "external cannibalism," refers to the act of consuming the flesh of individuals from outside one's own social or cultural group. Unlike endocannibalism, which involves consuming the flesh of members within the same group, exocannibalism typically occurs in specific cultural or ritualistic contexts.

In many societies, exocannibalism is not practiced for nutritional purposes but rather as a means of asserting dominance, displaying power, or as a form of religious or cultural expression. It is often associated with rituals, ceremonies, or specific events, such as warfare, revenge, or mourning.

Historical Examples

Exocannibalism has been documented in various cultures throughout history. One notable example is the Aztec civilization of ancient Mexico. The Aztecs practiced exocannibalism as part of their religious rituals, particularly during the festival of Tlacaxipehualiztli. During this festival, captives from neighboring tribes were sacrificed and their flesh consumed by the Aztec priests and warriors. This act was believed to transfer the strength and power of the defeated enemies to the Aztec people.

Another example can be found in the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea. In the early 20th century, the Fore people practiced exocannibalism as part of their mortuary rituals. They believed that consuming the flesh of deceased relatives would help release their spirits and ensure the well-being of the living. Unfortunately, this practice also led to the spread of a prion disease called kuru, which resulted in a devastating epidemic among the Fore population.

Cultural Perspectives and Controversies

Exocannibalism is a highly controversial practice, often viewed as taboo in many societies. It challenges the boundaries of morality, ethics, and cultural norms. While some cultures consider it an integral part of their traditions and beliefs, others condemn it as barbaric or inhumane.

From an anthropological perspective, it is important to approach the study of exocannibalism with cultural relativism, understanding that different societies have diverse practices and beliefs. However, it is equally important to acknowledge the ethical concerns surrounding the practice, particularly when it involves violence, coercion, or the violation of human rights.

See Also

• Cannibalism
• Endocannibalism
• Taboo
• Rituals