Experiential learning

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Experiential learning is the process of learning through experience, and is more specifically defined as "learning through reflection on doing." It is often contrasted with didactic learning, which is a more passive form of learning. Experiential learning is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, and service learning.

History

The concept of experiential learning has been explored by various scholars throughout history. John Dewey, an American philosopher and educator, was one of the early proponents of experiential education. Dewey emphasized the importance of experience in education and believed that learning should be grounded in real-world experiences.

David A. Kolb further developed the concept with his Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), which he published in 1984. Kolb's model outlines a cycle of learning that includes four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.

Kolb's Experiential Learning Model

Kolb's model is one of the most widely recognized frameworks for experiential learning. The model consists of four stages:

• Concrete Experience: This is the stage where the learner actively experiences an activity.
• Reflective Observation: In this stage, the learner reflects on the experience.
• Abstract Conceptualization: Here, the learner forms new ideas or modifies existing concepts based on the reflections.
• Active Experimentation: The learner applies the new ideas to the world around them to see what results.

Applications

Experiential learning is applied in various fields, including education, business, medicine, and psychology. In education, it is used in project-based learning, internships, and field trips. In business, it is often used in corporate training and team-building exercises. In medicine, experiential learning is crucial in clinical training and medical simulations.

Benefits

Experiential learning offers several benefits, including:

• Enhanced retention of information
• Development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills
• Increased engagement and motivation
• Improved interpersonal and communication skills

Criticisms

Despite its benefits, experiential learning has its critics. Some argue that it can be less structured and harder to assess than traditional learning methods. Others point out that not all experiences are equally valuable for learning, and the quality of reflection can vary.

Related Pages

• John Dewey
• David A. Kolb
• Experiential Learning Theory
• Action learning
• Adventure learning
• Service learning
• Project-based learning
• Internships
• Field trips
• Corporate training
• Team-building
• Clinical training
• Medical simulations

See Also

• Active learning
• Didactic learning
• Reflective practice
• Learning by doing