Explanation

Explanation

An explanation is a set of statements typically constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies the causes, context, and consequences of those facts. This description may establish rules or laws, and may clarify the existing rules or laws in relation to any objects, or phenomena examined. Explanation is a key component in the scientific method, philosophy, and logic.

Types of Explanation

Causal Explanation

A causal explanation identifies the cause or causes of a phenomenon. It answers the question "Why did this happen?" by pointing to the factors that brought about the event or condition. This type of explanation is common in natural sciences and social sciences.

Deductive-Nomological Explanation

A deductive-nomological explanation is a logical structure that uses general laws and specific conditions to deduce the occurrence of a particular event. This model was proposed by Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim and is often used in the context of scientific explanations.

Functional Explanation

A functional explanation describes the role or function of a phenomenon within a larger system. This type of explanation is frequently used in biology and sociology.

Teleological Explanation

A teleological explanation accounts for phenomena by their purpose or goal. This type of explanation is often found in discussions of philosophy of mind and ethics.

Explanation in Science

In the scientific method, explanations are formulated through hypothesis and theory development. Scientists use explanations to predict future events and to understand the underlying mechanisms of natural phenomena. The process involves observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Explanation in Philosophy

In philosophy, explanations are used to clarify concepts and to resolve philosophical problems. Philosophers analyze the nature of explanation itself, exploring questions about what constitutes a good explanation and how explanations relate to understanding and knowledge.

Explanation in Logic

In logic, explanations are used to justify conclusions and to demonstrate the validity of arguments. Logical explanations often involve the use of deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning.

Related Pages

• Scientific method
• Hypothesis
• Theory
• Causality
• Deductive reasoning
• Inductive reasoning
• Philosophy of science
• Logic