Extensor hallucis longus muscle

Extensor hallucis longus muscle is a thin muscle, situated between the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus, that functions to extend the big toe, dorsiflect the foot, and assists with foot inversion.

Etymology

The term "extensor hallucis longus" is derived from Latin, with "extensor" meaning "stretcher", "hallucis" referring to the "big toe", and "longus" indicating "long". Thus, the term can be understood as "the long stretcher of the big toe".

Origin and Insertion

The extensor hallucis longus muscle originates from the middle portion of the fibula and the interosseous membrane. It runs down the anterior and lateral surfaces of the fibula and crosses the anterior of the ankle joint. The muscle then inserts into the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe.

Function

The primary function of the extensor hallucis longus muscle is to extend the big toe. It also aids in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle and inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint.

Clinical Significance

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is clinically significant in the diagnosis of L5 radiculopathy, a condition affecting the lumbar spinal nerve 5. Weakness in this muscle can be a sign of this condition. It is also involved in the condition known as drop foot, where damage to the muscle or its associated nerves results in an inability to properly lift the foot.

Related Terms

• Dorsiflexion: The action of raising the foot upwards towards the shin.
• Inversion: The action of moving the sole of the foot inwards, towards the median plane.
• Radiculopathy: A condition due to a compressed nerve in the spine that can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness along the course of the nerve.

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