Fallot's tetralogy

Fallot's Tetralogy is a congenital heart defect that is characterized by four anatomical abnormalities of the heart. It is named after the French physician Étienne-Louis Arthur Fallot, who first described the condition in 1888.

Anatomy

The four defects that make up Fallot's Tetralogy are: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. These defects result in oxygen-poor blood being pumped to the body, which can cause cyanosis (a bluish coloration of the skin and mucous membranes).

Causes

The exact cause of Fallot's Tetralogy is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases have been associated with chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Fallot's Tetralogy can vary greatly, but often include cyanosis, shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, the condition can lead to heart failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Fallot's Tetralogy is typically made through a combination of physical examination, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization.

Treatment

Treatment for Fallot's Tetralogy usually involves surgery to correct the defects. This can often be done in infancy, but in some cases, it may be delayed until the child is older.

Prognosis

With proper treatment, most individuals with Fallot's Tetralogy can lead relatively normal lives. However, they may require ongoing medical care and may have a slightly reduced life expectancy.

See also

• Congenital heart defect
• Cyanosis
• Heart failure