Farakka Barrage

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Highway on Farakka Barrage, a barrage in Farakka, West Bengal 13

Farakka Barrage is a dam located on the Ganges River near the town of Farakka in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. Its primary purpose is to divert water from the Ganges River into the Hooghly River to keep it navigable for Kolkata's port located approximately 260 kilometers downstream. The barrage also serves irrigation, flood control, and power generation needs. Constructed between 1961 and 1975, the Farakka Barrage has been a subject of water-sharing disputes between India and Bangladesh.

History

The need for the Farakka Barrage was felt in the early 20th century when the Hooghly River's navigability started declining due to siltation, affecting the Port of Kolkata, a vital trade center. The Government of India proposed the construction of the barrage in the 1950s, and it was completed in 1975. The project aimed to increase the lean period flow of water in the Hooghly River by diverting water from the Ganges.

Structure

The Farakka Barrage is about 2,240 meters long, with a network of canals and gates designed to regulate the flow of water. It includes a feeder canal that diverts a portion of the Ganges water towards the Hooghly River. The barrage also houses a hydroelectric power plant that contributes to the region's power supply.

Impact

1. 1. 1. Economic Benefits

The Farakka Barrage has significantly contributed to the economic development of the region by improving navigation in the Hooghly River, thereby benefiting the Port of Kolkata. It has also enhanced irrigation facilities, supporting agriculture in West Bengal.

1. 1. 1. Environmental and Social Issues

The diversion of water has led to environmental and social issues, including reduced fish populations and changes in the ecosystem downstream. The reduction in freshwater flow has affected agriculture and livelihoods in Bangladesh, leading to tensions between the two countries.

1. 1. 1. Water Dispute

The Farakka Barrage has been a central issue in India-Bangladesh water disputes. Negotiations have led to various agreements on water sharing, but challenges remain, particularly during the dry season when water demand is high.

International Relations

The Farakka Barrage is an example of how water resources management can impact international relations. India and Bangladesh have engaged in diplomatic negotiations to address the issues arising from the barrage's operation, highlighting the importance of transboundary water management in the region.

See Also

• Ganges River
• Hooghly River
• Water resources management
• Transboundary water resources management
• India-Bangladesh relations