Fauna of Australia

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Fauna of Australia consists of a huge variety of animals; some 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects, and 93% of amphibians that inhabit the continent are endemic to Australia. This high level of endemism can be attributed to the continent's long geographic isolation, tectonic stability, and the effects of an unusual pattern of climate change on the soil and flora over geological time.

Overview

Australia is a megadiverse country, and its fauna is a major component of the Australian biota. The fauna of Australia has evolved in isolation from the rest of the world due to the continent's long-term geographic isolation. As a result, many of the animals native to Australia are unique, and many are recognizable symbols of the country, such as the kangaroo, the koala, and the emu.

Mammals

The majority of Australian mammals are marsupials, a type of mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch. Notable examples include the kangaroo, wallaby, koala, and wombat. The platypus and the echidna are the only monotremes, or egg-laying mammals, found in Australia.

Birds

Australia is home to a vast array of birds, many of which are endemic. The emu is the largest bird native to Australia and the second-largest bird in the world by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. The kookaburra, known for its distinctive call, and the cockatoo, with its colorful plumage, are also iconic Australian birds.

Reptiles and Amphibians

Australia has a rich diversity of reptiles, including a large number of snake and lizard species. The country is known for its venomous snakes, such as the taipan and the eastern brown snake. The saltwater crocodile, which can be found in the northern waters of Australia, is the world's largest reptile. Amphibians, such as the unique Australian green tree frog, also contribute to the country's biodiversity.

Marine Life

Australia's marine environments, including the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system, host a diverse range of marine life. Species such as the dugong and the great white shark, along with a multitude of fish, coral, and mollusk species, make Australia's marine biodiversity one of the richest in the world.

Conservation

The conservation of Australia's fauna is a significant concern, with many species threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts include protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife reserves, and specific programs aimed at the protection and recovery of endangered species.

See Also

• Flora of Australia
• Protected areas of Australia
• Invasive species in Australia