Feline immunodeficiency virus

PDB 4fiv EBI

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FIV genome 2013

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that affects cats worldwide. It is one of the most significant infectious diseases in domestic cats, causing a condition similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans. FIV compromises the immune system, making cats more susceptible to various secondary infections and diseases.

Virology

FIV is a member of the Retroviridae family and the Lentivirus genus. The virus is primarily transmitted through bite wounds, as it is present in the saliva of infected cats. The virus targets the immune system, specifically the T lymphocytes, leading to a gradual decline in immune function.

Stages of Infection

FIV infection in cats progresses through several stages:

• Acute Stage: This initial stage occurs within weeks of infection and may present with mild symptoms such as fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy.
• Asymptomatic Stage: During this prolonged phase, infected cats may not show any clinical signs but can still transmit the virus to other cats.
• Chronic Stage: In this stage, the immune system is significantly weakened, leading to secondary infections, weight loss, and other health issues.

Symptoms

Symptoms of FIV can vary widely but often include:

• Recurrent infections
• Weight loss
• Poor coat condition
• Persistent fever
• Inflammation of the gums and mouth (gingivitis and stomatitis)
• Chronic diarrhea
• Neurological disorders

Diagnosis

FIV is typically diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies against the virus. Common diagnostic tests include the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the Western blot test.

Treatment and Management

There is no cure for FIV, but supportive care can help manage symptoms and secondary infections. Treatment may include:

• Antiviral medications
• Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections
• Immune system support
• Regular veterinary check-ups

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Keeping cats indoors to reduce the risk of exposure to infected cats
• Neutering male cats to reduce aggressive behavior and fighting
• Regular veterinary check-ups and vaccinations

Related Pages

• Cat health
• Feline leukemia virus
• Retrovirus
• Lentivirus
• Human immunodeficiency virus

See Also

• Cat
• Virus
• Immune system