Human immunodeficiency virus

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

Overview

HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to a weakened immune system.

Transmission

HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk.

Symptoms

The symptoms of HIV vary depending on the stage of infection. In the early stages, symptoms include fever, fatigue, and rash. In the later stages, symptoms can include weight loss, night sweats, and frequent infections.

Diagnosis

HIV is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of the virus or its antibodies.

Treatment

While there is no cure for HIV, it can be controlled with proper medical care, including antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Prevention

Prevention strategies include safer sex practices, needle exchange programs, and antiretroviral drugs.

See also

• AIDS
• Antiretroviral therapy
• CD4+ T cells
• Retrovirus

References

Human immunodeficiency virus Resources
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