Murine leukemia virus

Murine Leukemia Virus

Electron micrograph of Murine Leukemia Virus

The Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) is a type of retrovirus that infects mice. It is a member of the gammaretrovirus genus and is known for its ability to cause leukemia in its host. MLV is a simple retrovirus, meaning it has a relatively straightforward genome and life cycle compared to more complex retroviruses like HIV.

Structure

MLV is an enveloped virus with a spherical shape. Its genome is composed of single-stranded RNA, which is reverse transcribed into DNA upon infection of a host cell. The viral envelope contains glycoproteins that facilitate entry into the host cell by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of MLV begins with the binding of the virus to a host cell receptor, followed by fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. Once inside the cell, the viral RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, where it can be transcribed and translated to produce new viral particles.

Pathogenesis

MLV is known for its ability to induce leukemia in mice. The virus can integrate into the host genome in such a way that it disrupts normal cellular regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell division and the development of cancer. The study of MLV has provided significant insights into the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis and the role of retroviruses in cancer.

Use in Research

MLV has been extensively used as a model system in molecular biology and virology research. It has been instrumental in the study of retroviral replication, gene therapy, and the development of viral vectors for delivering therapeutic genes to cells.

Related Pages

• Retrovirus
• Leukemia
• Oncogenesis
• Gene therapy