Virology

<translate> Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat and virus-like agents.

• Aedes aegypti -  mosquito that transmits yellow fever and dengue

• Aedes albopictus -  striped native of Japan thriving in southwestern and midwestern United States and spreading to the Caribbean; potential carrier of serious diseases

• aga -  title for a civil or military leader (especially in Turkey)

• AIDS -  a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles

• AIDS -  a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles

• Alastrim -  a mild form of smallpox caused by a less virulent form of the virus

• Albert Sabin -  United States microbiologist (born in Poland) who developed the Sabin vaccine that is taken orally against poliomyelitis (born 1906)

• alpha -  early testing stage of a software or hardware product; first in order of importance;  the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet; the beginning of a series or sequence

• Alphavirus -  an arbovirus of the family Togaviridae that can cause a variety of encephalitis in horses

• Alter -  remove the ovaries of; make an alteration to; make or become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby

• Alzheimer's disease -  a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness

• Am -  modulation of the amplitude of the (radio) carrier wave; a master's degree in arts and sciences; a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms

• Anderson -  United States physicist who discovered antimatter in the form of an antielectron that is called the positron (1905-1991); United States contralto noted for her performance of spirituals (1902-1993); United States dramatist (1888-1959); United States physicist who studied the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems (1923-); United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

• Animal virus -  an animal pathogen that is a virus

• antibody -  any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response

• antiviral -  inhibiting or stopping the growth and reproduction of viruses;  any drug that destroys viruses

• Antiviral drug -  any drug that destroys viruses

• Arbovirus -  a large heterogeneous group of RNA viruses divisible into groups on the basis of the virions; they have been recovered from arthropods, bats, and rodents; most are borne by arthropods; they are linked by the epidemiologic concept of transmission between vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors (mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, midges, etc.) that feed on blood; they can cause mild fevers, hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, and encephalitis

• Arenaviridae -  a family of arborviruses carried by arthropods

• Arenavirus -  animal viruses belonging to the family Arenaviridae

• Argentine hemorrhagic fever -  hemorrhagic fever with neurological signs; caused by the Junin virus

• Bacteriophage -  a virus that is parasitic in bacteria

• Bareback -  riding without a saddle;  without a saddle

• Best -  (superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities; (comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable;  it would be sensible; in a most excellent way or manner; from a position of superiority or authority;  the supreme effort one can make; the person who is most outstanding or excellent; someone who tops all others; Canadian physiologist (born in the United States) who assisted F. G. Banting in research leading to the discovery of insulin (1899-1978);  get the better of

• biologist -  (biology) a scientist who studies living organisms

• biology -  the science that studies living organisms; characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms; all the plant and animal life of a particular region

• BIT -  the cutting part of a drill; usually pointed and threaded and is replaceable in a brace or bitstock or drill press; piece of metal held in horse's mouth by reins and used to control the horse while riding; a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states; a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program; a small fragment; an instance of some kind; a small amount of solid food; a mouthful; a small quantity; an indefinitely short time

• board game -  a game played on a specially designed board

• Bornholm disease -  an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)

• Bradley -  United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981); United States politician who was elected the first Black may of Los Angeles (1917-1998)

• Bronchiolitis -  inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles

• Bull -  a serious and ludicrous blunder; mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle; uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle; a formal proclamation issued by the pope (usually written in antiquated characters and sealed with a leaden bulla); a large and strong and heavyset man; an investor with an optimistic market outlook; an investor who expects prices to rise and so buys now for resale later; uncomplimentary terms for a policeman; obscene words for unacceptable behavior; the center of a target; the second sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about April 20 to May 20; (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Taurus;  advance in price; try to raise the price of stocks through speculative buying; push or force; talk through one's hat

• Ca -  a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes; a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals

• CAd -  someone who is morally reprehensible; software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing

• Camelpox -  a viral disease of camels closely related to smallpox

• Canine distemper -  a viral disease of young dogs characterized by high fever and respiratory inflammation

• Capsid -  the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus; a variety of leaf bug

• Carrion -  the dead and rotting body of an animal; unfit for human food

• CD -  a digitally encoded recording on an optical disk that is smaller than a phonograph record; played back by a laser; a debt instrument issued by a bank; usually pays interest; the basic unit of luminous intensity adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites; equal to 1/60 of the luminous intensity per square centimeter of a black body radiating at the temperature of 2,046 degrees Kelvin; a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores

• chemotherapy -  the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)

• Chickenpox -  an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body

• Chimera -  a grotesque product of the imagination; (Greek mythology) fire-breathing female monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail; daughter of Typhon

• Chronic wasting disease -  a wildlife disease (akin to bovine spongiform encephalitis) that affects deer and elk

• cl -  a metric unit of volume equal to one hundredth of a liter; a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)

• Cluster -  a grouping of a number of similar things;  come together as in a cluster or flock; gather or cause to gather into a cluster

• Co-option -  the act of appointing summarily (with or without the appointee's consent); the selection of a new member (usually by a vote of the existing membership)

• Coliphage -  a bacteriophage that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli

• Common cold -  a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs)

• Condom -  contraceptive device consisting of a sheath of thin rubber or latex that is worn over the penis during intercourse

• Conjunctivitis -  inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye

• Connolly -  United States tennis player who was the first woman to win the United States, British, French, and Australian championships in the same year (1953) (1934-1969)

• Cook -  someone who cooks food; English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779);  transform and make suitable for consumption by heating; transform by heating; prepare for eating by applying heat; prepare a hot meal; fake or falsify

• Cowpox -  a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox

• Coxsackievirus -  enterovirus causing a disease resembling poliomyelitis but without paralysis

• Croup -  a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing; the part of a quadruped that corresponds to the human buttocks

• Cryptococcosis -  a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system

• Cytomegalovirus -  any of a group of herpes viruses that enlarge epithelial cells and can cause birth defects; can affect humans with impaired immunological systems

• Days -  the time during which someone's life continues

• Dengue fever -  an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints

• diabetes -  any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst

• disease -  an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

• doctor -  children take the roles of physician or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the physician's office; a licensed medical practitioner; a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution; (Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching;  give medical treatment to; restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken; alter and make impure, as with the intention to deceive

• Dp -  a person forced to flee from home or country

• DRACO -  a reptile genus known as flying dragons or flying lizards; a faint constellation twisting around the north celestial pole and lying between Ursa Major and Cepheus; Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense (circa 7th century BC)

• Early -  at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time; being or occurring at an early stage of development; of an early stage in the development of a language or literature; very young; belonging to the distant past; expected in the near future;  before the usual time or the time expected; in good time; during an early stage

• Ebola -  a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa

• Ebola -  a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees) caused by the Ebola virus; characterized by high fever and severe internal bleeding; can be spread from person to person; is largely limited to Africa

• Ebola virus -  a filovirus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever; carried by animals; can be used as a bioweapon

• ECHO -  the persistence of a sound after its source has stopped; a reply that repeats what has just been said; (Greek mythology) a nymph who was spurned by Narcissus and pined away until only her voice remained;  call to mind; to say again or imitate; ring or echo with sound

• Echovirus -  any of a group of viruses associated with various diseases including viral meningitis and mild respiratory disorders and diarrhea in newborn infants

• Echovirus -  any of a group of viruses associated with various diseases including viral meningitis and mild respiratory disorders and diarrhea in newborn infants

• Eczema herpeticum -  eczema characterized by a feverish condition and widespread eruption of vesicles; most common in children

• Eczema vaccinatum -  a now rare complication of vaccinia superimposed on atopic dermatitis with high fever and generalized vesicles and papulovesicles

• Encephalitis lethargica -  an encephalitis that was epidemic between 1915 and 1926; symptoms include paralysis of the extrinsic eye muscle and extreme muscular weakness

• Enterovirus -  any of a group of picornaviruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract and can spread to other areas (especially the nervous system)

• Enterovirus -  any of a group of picornaviruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract and can spread to other areas (especially the nervous system)

• Epstein -  British sculptor (born in the United States) noted for busts and large controversial works (1880-1959)

• Erythema multiforme -  a red rash caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or disease or other allergen

• eu -  an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members; a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group

• Evans -  British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941); United States anatomist who identified four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1882-1971)

• family -  primary social group; parents and children; people descended from a common ancestor; a social unit living together; (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera; an association of people who share common beliefs or activities; a collection of things sharing a common attribute; a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities; a person having kinship with another or others

• Fields -  United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

• film -  a thin coating or layer; photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies; a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things; a medium that disseminates moving pictures; a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement;  make a film or photograph of something; record in film

• Filoviridae -  a family of threadlike RNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys and chimpanzees)

• Fitzgerald -  United States scat singer (born in 1918); United States novelist (1896-1940); English poet remembered primarily for his free translation of the poetry of Omar Khayyam (1809-1883)

• Flaccid paralysis -  weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles

• Flaviviridae -  a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods

• Flavivirus -  animal viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae

• Flavivirus -  animal viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae

• foot -  travel by walking; any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates; a support resembling a pedal extremity; the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; the lower part of anything; a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger; a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings; lowest support of a structure; (prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm; an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot;  add a column of numbers; walk; pay for something

• Francis Crick -  English biochemist who (with Watson in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (1916-2004)

• Francis Peyton Rous -  United States pathologist who discovered viruses that cause tumors (1879-1970)

• Gao -  an independent nonpartisan federal agency that acts as the investigative arm of Congress making the executive branch accountable to Congress and the government accountable to citizens of the United States

• GC -  1,000,000,000 periods per second

• gene -  (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity

• genetics -  the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms

• Genital herpes -  an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area

• Genital wart -  a small benign wart on or around the genitals and anus

• George Balanchine -  United States dancer and choreographer (born in Russia) noted for his abstract and formal works (1904-1983)

• Glandular fever -  an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing

• Goodman -  United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including Black as well as White musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)

• Gp -  a physician who is not a specialist but treats all illnesses

• Griffin -  winged monster with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion

• Hand -  physical assistance; terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos); a rotating pointer on the face of a timepiece; the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb; ability; one of two sides of an issue; a round of applause to signify approval; the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time; a position given by its location to the side of an object; a member of the crew of a ship; a unit of length equal to 4 inches; used in measuring horses; something written by hand; a card player in a game of bridge; a hired laborer on a farm or ranch;  guide or conduct or usher somewhere; place into the hands or custody of

• Hepatitis A -  an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaminated with fecal matter

• Hepatitis A virus -  the virus causing hepatitis A

• Hepatitis B -  an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids

• Hepatitis C -  a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)

• Hepatocellular carcinoma -  carcinoma of the liver

• Herpes labialis -  caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

• Herpes simplex -  a herpes virus that affects the skin and nervous system; an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes

• Herpes simplex virus -  a herpes virus that affects the skin and nervous system

• Hershey -  an industrial town east of Harrisburg; United States confectioner and philanthropist who created the model industrial town of Hershey, Pennsylvania; founded an industrial school for orphan boys (1857-1945)

• HIV -  infection by the human immunodeficiency virus; the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); it replicates in and kills the helper T cells

• HIV -  infection by the human immunodeficiency virus; the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); it replicates in and kills the helper T cells

• HL -  a metric unit of volume or capacity equal to 100 liters

• House -  play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults; a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families; a building in which something is sheltered or located; aristocratic family line; an official assembly having legislative powers; the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema; the members of a religious community living together; the management of a gambling house or casino; a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented; the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments; a social unit living together; (astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided;  provide housing for; contain or cover

• Howe -  United States inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers (including Isaac M. Singer) (1819-1867); United States feminist who was active in the women's suffrage movement (1819-1910); Canadian hockey player who holds the record for playing the most games (born 1928); United States editor (1920-1993)

• HP -  a unit of power equal to 746 watts

• Human immunodeficiency virus -  the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); it replicates in and kills the helper T cells

• Hundred -  being ten more than ninety;  ten 10s

• Immunotherapy -  therapy designed to produce immunity to a disease or to enhance resistance by the immune system

• induced -  brought about or caused; not spontaneous

• infection -  (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure; moral corruption or contamination; an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted; (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease; (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound; the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms; the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people

• Infectious mononucleosis -  an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing

• influenza -  an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease

• Inoculation -  taking a vaccine as a precaution against contracting a disease

• Inosine -  a nucleoside that is formed by the deamination of adenosine; used in kidney transplantation to provide a temporary source of sugar

• Interferon -  an antiviral protein produced by cells that have been invaded by a virus; inhibits replication of the virus

• Isolate -  place or set apart; obtain in pure form; separate (experiences) from the emotions relating to them; set apart from others

• James Watson -  United States geneticist who (with Crick in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1928)

• ji -  a clandestine group of southeast Asian terrorists organized in 1993 and trained by al-Qaeda; supports militant Muslims in Indonesia and the Philippines and has cells in Singapore and Malaysia and Indonesia

• Johnson -  17th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875); 36th President of the United States; was elected vice president and succeeded Kennedy when Kennedy was assassinated (1908-1973); English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

• Jonas Salk -  United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)

• journal -  the part of the axle contained by a bearing; a record book as a physical object; a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations; a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they occurred

• journalist -  a writer for newspapers and magazines; someone who keeps a diary or journal

• Ka -  unknown god; an epithet of Prajapati and Brahma

• Kaposi's sarcoma -  a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS

• Kaposi's varicelliform eruption -  a now rare complication of vaccinia superimposed on atopic dermatitis with high fever and generalized vesicles and papulovesicles

• Koplik's spots -  small red spots with white centers found on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue; symptom of measles that appears one or two days before the measles rash appears

• Kuru -  100 kurus equal 1 lira in Turkey; a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned

• la -  the syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization; a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War; a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

• Lamb -  young sheep; the flesh of a young domestic sheep eaten as food; a sweet innocent mild-mannered person (especially a child); a person easily deceived or cheated (especially in financial matters); English essayist (1775-1834);  give birth to a lamb

• Lamivudine -  a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is very effective in combination with zidovudine in treating AIDS and HIV

• Lassa fever -  an acute contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing; can be used as a bioweapon

• Leiomyosarcoma -  sarcoma of smooth muscle; occurs most often digestive tract or uterus or bladder or prostate

• Levy -  the act of drafting into military service; a charge imposed and collected;  impose and collect; cause to assemble or enlist in the military

• Lichen planus -  an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs

• London -  the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center; United States writer of novels based on experiences in the Klondike gold rush (1876-1916)

• Louis -  United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight campion for 12 years (1914-1981)

• Lupus -  a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Centaurus; any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease

• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis -  a form of viral meningitis caused by a virus carried by the common house mouse

• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus -  the RNA virus that causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis; infects mice and monkeys and dogs and guinea pigs and human beings

• lymphoma -  a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer

• Lysin -  any substance (such as an antibody) or agent that can cause lysis

• Lyssavirus -  a neurotropic non-arbovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae that causes rabies

• Machupo virus -  the RNA virus that causes Bolivian hemorrhagic fever; carried by rats and mice

• Major -  greater in number or size or amount; greater in scope or effect; of full legal age; of a scale or mode; of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes; of greater importance or stature or rank; of greater seriousness or danger;  the principal field of study of a student at a university; a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain; a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject; British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943);  have as one's principal field of study

• Marburg virus -  a filovirus that causes Marburg disease; carried by animals; can be used as a bioweapon

• Martin v -  Italian pope from 1417 to 1431 whose election as pope ended the Great Schism (1368-1431)

• Measles -  an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children

• Measles -  an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children

• medical scientist -  a scientist who studies disease processes

• Meningoencephalitis -  inflammation of the brain and spinal cord and their meninges

• microbiologist -  a specialist in microbiology

• microbiology -  the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans

• molecular biologist -  a biologist who studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life

• molecular biology -  the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)

• Molluscum contagiosum -  a virus disease of the skin marked by round white swellings; transmitted from person to person (most often in children or in adults with impaired immune function)

• Moore -  British sculptor whose works are monumental organic forms (1898-1986); United States poet noted for irony and wit (1887-1872); Irish poet who wrote nostalgic and patriotic verse (1779-1852); English philosopher (1873-1958); English actor and comedian who appeared on television and in films (born in 1935); United States composer of works noted for their use of the American vernacular (1893-1969)

• Morbilliform -  of a rash that resembles that of measles

• Moron -  a person of subnormal intelligence

• Morse -  a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals); United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)

• MP -  a military corps that enforces discipline and guards prisoners; a member of the military police who polices soldiers and guards prisoners

• Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome -  an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause

• Multipartite -  involving more than two parties

• Multiple sclerosis -  a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers

• Mumps -  an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands

• Murphy -  an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland

• Myxoma virus -  a poxvirus closely related to smallpox virus; causes benign gelatinous tumors in humans

• Myxomatosis -  a viral disease (usually fatal) of rabbits

• nad -  a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes

• neurologist -  a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it

• Orchitis -  inflammation of one or both testes; characterized by pain and swelling

• outbreak -  a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)

• Outbreak -  a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)

• Pakistan -  a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

• Pancreatitis -  inflammation of the pancreas; usually marked by abdominal pain

• Pandemic -  existing everywhere; epidemic over a wide geographical area;  an epidemic that is geographically widespread; occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world

• Pap test -  a method of examining stained cells in a cervical smear for early diagnosis of uterine cancer

• Papovavirus -  any of a group of animal viruses associated with or causing papillomas or polyomas

• Pappataci fever -  a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii

• Paternity -  the state of being a father; the act of initiating a new idea or theory or writing; the kinship relation between an offspring and the father

• pathologist -  a doctor who specializes in medical diagnosis

• Paul -  (New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an apostle; United States feminist (1885-1977)

• pediatrician -  a specialist in the care of babies

• Permissive -  granting or inclined or able to grant permission; not strict in discipline; not preventive

• phage -  a virus that is parasitic in bacteria

• Phi -  the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet

• physician -  a licensed medical practitioner

• Picornavirus -  a group of single-strand RNA viruses with a protein coat

• Plant virus -  a plant pathogen that is a virus consisting of a single strand of RNA

• Plantar wart -  a wart occurring on the sole of the foot

• Pleomorphism -  (biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms; (chemistry) the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound

• Pneumocystis pneumonia -  pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)

• Pol -  a person active in party politics

• Poliovirus -  the virus causing poliomyelitis

• politician -  a person active in party politics; a leader engaged in civil administration; a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

• Polyarteritis nodosa -  a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area

• poultry -  flesh of chickens or turkeys or ducks or geese raised for food; a domesticated gallinaceous bird thought to be descended from the red jungle fowl

• Pr -  a promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution; a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico; a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process

• preacher -  someone whose occupation is preaching the gospel

• Progressive vaccinia -  a severe or even fatal form of vaccinia that occurs mainly in persons with an immunological deficiency; characterized by progressive enlargement of the initial lesion

• protease -  any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis

• protein -  any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes

• R -  the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet; the length of a line segment between the center and circumference of a circle or sphere; (physics) the universal constant in the gas equation: pressure times volume = R times temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per kelvin per mole; a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

• Rabies -  an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain

• rank -  growing profusely; very fertile; producing profuse growth; very offensive in smell or taste; complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers; conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible;  a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another; relative status; the ordinary members of an organization (such as the enlisted soldiers of an army); the body of members of an organization or group; position in a social hierarchy;  take or have a position relative to others; take precedence or surpass others in rank; assign a rank or rating to

• re -  the syllable naming the second (supertonic) note of any major scale in solmization; ancient Egyptian sun god with the head of a hawk; a universal creator; he merged with the god Amen as Amen-Ra to become the king of the gods; a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum

• Realm -  a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; the domain ruled by a king or queen; a domain in which something is dominant

• Reed -  a vibrator consisting of a thin strip of stiff material that vibrates to produce a tone when air streams over it; United States physician who proved that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes (1851-1902); United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the Communist Labor Party in America in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920); tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites; a musical instrument that sounds by means of a vibrating reed

• Reoviridae -  a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods

• Respiratory syncytial virus -  a paramyxovirus that forms syncytia in tissue culture and that is responsible for severe respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis and bronchial pneumonia (especially in children)

• Respiratory tract infection -  any infection of the respiratory tract

• Retrovirus -  any of a group of viruses that contain two single-strand linear RNA molecules per virion and reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA)

• Rev -  rate of revolution of a motor;  increase the number of rotations per minute

• Reverse transcriptase -  a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses

• RG -  a radioactive transuranic element

• Rhabdoviridae -  a family of arborviruses carried by arthropods

• Rhinitis -  an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose (usually associated with nasal discharge)

• Rhinovirus -  any of a group of picornaviruses that are responsible for many upper respiratory infections

• Ribavirin -  an inhaled antiviral agent (trade name Virazole) that may be used to treat serious virus infections

• Rice -  grains used as food either unpolished or more often polished; United States playwright (1892-1967); English lyricist who frequently worked with Andrew Lloyd Webber (born in 1944); annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper;  sieve so that it becomes the consistency of rice

• Rift Valley fever -  an infection common in Africa caused by a bunyavirus; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals

• Rinderpest -  an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes

• RNA -  (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell

• Roseola -  any red eruption of the skin

• Roseola infantum -  a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days

• Rotavirus -  the reovirus causing infant enteritis

• Rubella -  a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester

• rus -  the medieval Russian state established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; the capital was first in Novgorod and then in Kiev

• Safe sex -  sexual activity (especially sexual intercourse) with the use of measures (such as latex condoms) to avoid the transmission of disease (especially AIDS)

• SAG -  a shape that sags;  droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness; cause to sag

• Satellite -  surrounding and dominated by a central authority or power;  man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon; any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star; a person who follows or serves another;  broadcast or disseminate via satellite

• scientist -  a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

• Scrapie -  a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system

• Sense -  the faculty through which the external world is apprehended; a general conscious awareness; a natural appreciation or ability; the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted; sound practical judgment;  comprehend; become aware of not through the senses but instinctively; detect some circumstance or entity automatically; perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome -  a respiratory disease of unknown etiology that apparently originated in mainland China in 2003; characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia; can be fatal

• Shingles -  eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia

• Sigma -  the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet

• Slow virus -  a virus that remains dormant in the body for a long time before symptoms appear

• Smallpox -  a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars

• Smith -  someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable); someone who works at something specified; Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790); English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; was said to have been saved by Pocahontas (1580-1631); religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844); United States blues singer (1894-1937); United States suffragist who refused to pay taxes until she could vote (1792-1886); United States singer noted for her rendition of patriotic songs (1909-1986); United States sculptor (1906-1965); Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

• Smith -  someone who works metal (especially by hammering it when it is hot and malleable); someone who works at something specified; Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790); English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; was said to have been saved by Pocahontas (1580-1631); religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844); United States blues singer (1894-1937); United States suffragist who refused to pay taxes until she could vote (1792-1886); United States singer noted for her rendition of patriotic songs (1909-1986); United States sculptor (1906-1965); Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

• Spear -  a long pointed rod used as a weapon; an implement with a shaft and barbed point used for catching fish;  pierce with a spear; thrust up like a spear

• species -  a specific kind of something; (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

• Spencer -  English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)

• Strain -  an intense or violent exertion; (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces; injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain; (psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress; the act of singing; an effortful attempt to attain a goal; a lineage or race of people; the general meaning or substance of an utterance; a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence; a special variety of domesticated animals within a species; (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension;  use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity; become stretched or tense or taught; cause to be tense and uneasy or nervous or anxious; alter the shape of (something) by stress; to exert much effort or energy; rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender; remove by passing through a filter; separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements; test the limits of

• Streptococcus -  spherical Gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis

• Streptokinase -  an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism

• Streptolysin -  any of several hemolysins derived from strains of streptococcus

• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis -  a rare chronic progressive encephalitis caused by the measles virus and occurring primarily in children and young adults; death usually occurs within three years; characterized by primary measles infection before the age of two years

• Sudan -  a region of northern Africa south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea; a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956

• Superinfection -  infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection

• Swain -  a man who is the lover of a girl or young woman

• Swine influenza -  an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of swine caused by the orthomyxovirus thought to be the same virus that caused the 1918 influenza pandemic

• Sydney -  the largest Australian city located in southeastern Australia on the Tasman Sea; state capital of New South Wales; Australia's chief port

• syndrome -  a complex of concurrent things; a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease

• Ta -  a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite

• Tat -  a projective technique using black-and-white pictures; subjects tell a story about each picture; tastelessness by virtue of being cheap and vulgar;  make lacework by knotting or looping

• Temperateness -  exhibiting restraint imposed on the self; moderate weather; suitable for outdoor activities

• Thomas Hodgkin -  English physician who first described Hodgkin's disease (1798-1866)

• Tobacco mosaic virus -  the widely studied plant virus that causes tobacco mosaic; it was the first virus discovered (1892)

• Togaviridae -  a family of arboviruses carried by arthropods

• Together -  mentally and emotionally stable;  at the same time; with cooperation and interchange; in contact with each other; assembled in one place; in each other's company; with a common plan; in conjunction with; combined

• Tom -  male cat; contemptuous name for a Black man who is abjectly servile and deferential to Whites; male turkey

• Transduction -  the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; (genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage

• Treponema -  spirochete that causes disease in humans (e.g. syphilis and yaws)

• TRIM -  thin and fit; severely simple in line or design; neat and smart in appearance; of places; characterized by order and neatness; free from disorder;  cutting down to the desired size or shape; attitude of an aircraft in flight when allowed to take its own orientation; a state of arrangement or appearance; a decoration or adornment on a garment;  adjust (sails on a ship) so that the wind is optimally used; decorate (food), as with parsley or other ornamental foods; decorate, as with ornaments; be in equilibrium during a flight; balance in flight by regulating the control surfaces; cut down on; make a reduction in; cut closely; remove the edges from and cut down to the desired size; cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of

• Turner -  cooking utensil having a flat flexible part and a long handle; used for turning or serving food; one of two persons who swing ropes for jumpers to skip over in the game of jump rope; a lathe operator; a tumbler who is a member of a turnverein; United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951); English landscape painter whose treatment of light and color influenced the French impressionists (1775-1851); United States endocrinologist (1892-1970); United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

• Type -  a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper; a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; all of the tokens of the same symbol; printed characters; (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon; a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities);  identify as belonging to a certain type; write by means of a keyboard with types

• U -  (chiefly British) of or appropriate to the upper classes especially in language use;  the 21st letter of the Roman alphabet; a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons; a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

• Ulcerative colitis -  a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever and chills and profuse diarrhea

• V -  the 22nd letter of the Roman alphabet; a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt; equivalent to the potential difference across a resistance of 1 ohm when 1 ampere of current flows through it; a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite

• Vaccine -  immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies

• Vaccinia -  a local infection induced in humans by inoculation with the virus causing cowpox in order to confer resistance to smallpox; normally lasts three weeks and leaves a pitted scar; a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox

• Varicella -  an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body

• Varicella zoster virus -  the member of the herpes virus family that is responsible for chickenpox

• Variola major -  a type of smallpox virus that has a fatality rate of up to 25 percent; a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars

• Variola minor -  a type of smallpox virus that has a fatality rate of about 1 percent; a mild form of smallpox caused by a less virulent form of the virus

• Variola minor virus -  a type of smallpox virus that has a fatality rate of about 1 percent

• Vesiculovirus -  an animal virus that causes vesicular stomatitis

• veterinarian -  a doctor who practices veterinary medicine

• video game -  a game played against a computer

• Viral hemorrhagic fever -  a group of illnesses caused by a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage

• Viremia -  the presence of a virus in the blood stream

• Virgin -  being used or worked for the first time; in a state of sexual virginity;  a person who has never had sex; the sixth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about August 23 to September 22; (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Virgo

• Viroid -  the smallest of viruses; a plant virus with its RNA arranged in a circular chromosome without a protein coat

• virologist -  a specialist in virology

• Virology -  the branch of medical science that studies viruses and viral diseases

• Virology -  the branch of medical science that studies viruses and viral diseases

• Virucide -  an agent (physical or chemical) that inactivates or destroys viruses

• Virulence -  extreme hostility; extreme harmfulness (as the capacity of a microorganism to cause disease)

• virus -  (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein; a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; a harmful or corrupting agency

• Virus -  (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein; a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; a harmful or corrupting agency

• Virusoid -  the smallest of viruses; a plant virus with its RNA arranged in a circular chromosome without a protein coat

• Wagner -  the music of Wagner; German composer of operas and inventor of the music drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused (1813-1883); Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture (1841-1918)

• Wall -  an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); a layer of material that encloses space; (anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure; anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain); a difficult or awkward situation; an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes;  surround with a wall in order to fortify

• Walter Reed -  United States physician who proved that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes (1851-1902)

• Wart -  (pathology) a firm abnormal elevated blemish on the skin; caused by a virus; any small rounded protuberance (as on certain plants or animals)

• Weaver -  finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests; a craftsman who weaves cloth

• Williams -  United States playwright (1911-1983); English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663 (1603-1683); United States baseball player noted as a hitter (1918-2002); United States poet (1883-1963); English philosopher credited with reviving the field of moral philosophy (1929-2003); United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

• Wound tumor virus -  a tumor virus transmitted by leafhoppers

• Yellow fever -  caused by a flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito

• Zoster -  eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia

Also see

• Glossary of virology

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