Streptolysin
Streptolysin is a type of toxin produced by certain species of Streptococcus. There are two types of streptolysin: Streptolysin O (SLO) and Streptolysin S (SLS). Both are hemolysins, which means they have the ability to lyse red blood cells in a culture medium.
Streptolysin O[edit | edit source]
Streptolysin O is an oxygen-labile enzyme and its activity is inhibited by oxygen. It is also antigenic, meaning it can stimulate an immune response. The presence of antibodies against SLO, known as anti-streptolysin O (ASO), can be detected in a person's blood. This is often used in a clinical setting to confirm a past streptococcal infection.
Streptolysin S[edit | edit source]
Streptolysin S is an oxygen-stable enzyme and its activity is not inhibited by oxygen. Unlike SLO, SLS is not antigenic and does not stimulate an immune response. It is responsible for the beta-hemolysis observed in blood agar cultures of certain Streptococcus species.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Streptolysin is a major virulence factor of Streptococcus species. It allows the bacteria to lyse red blood cells and escape the immune response. High levels of ASO in a person's blood can indicate a recent streptococcal infection, such as rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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