Roseola infantum

Roseola infantum, also known as exanthem subitum and sixth disease, is a common childhood disease characterized by high fever followed by a distinctive rash. It is caused by two human herpesviruses, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), which are sometimes referred to collectively as Roseolovirus.

Symptoms and signs

The disease typically begins with a sudden high fever that lasts for several days. After the fever subsides, a rash typically appears—mostly on the trunk, neck, and face. Other symptoms may include irritability, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.

Cause

Roseola is caused by two human herpesviruses, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). These viruses are spread from person to person, typically through saliva or respiratory secretions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on the characteristic pattern of symptoms—sudden high fever followed by a rash. Laboratory tests can confirm the diagnosis, but they are not usually necessary.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for roseola. Management of the disease focuses on relieving symptoms, such as fever and rash. Antiviral medications are not typically used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for roseola is generally good. Most children recover completely within a week of the onset of symptoms. Complications are rare, but can include seizures, encephalitis, and pneumonia.

Epidemiology

Roseola is most common in children aged six months to two years. It occurs worldwide and is not associated with any particular season.

See also

• Human herpesvirus 6
• Human herpesvirus 7
• Childhood disease
• Rash

References

Roseola infantum Resources
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