Canine distemper

Canine Distemper Virus Cytoplasmic Inclusion Body (Blood smear, Wright's stain)

Arctic-Lineage-Canine-Distemper-Virus-as-a-Cause-of-Death-in-Apennine-Wolves-(Canis-lupus)-in-Italy-pone.0082356.s001.ogv

Phylogenetic tree of Paramixoviruses with CDV

Canine distemper pathology

Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects a wide variety of animal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs, foxes, wolves, ferrets, and large cats. The disease is caused by the Canine distemper virus (CDV), a member of the Morbillivirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae.

Transmission

Canine distemper is primarily spread through direct contact with an infected animal or through airborne exposure. The virus can also be transmitted via contaminated food and water bowls, bedding, and other objects. Infected animals can shed the virus through bodily secretions such as saliva, urine, and feces.

Symptoms

The symptoms of canine distemper can vary widely and may include:

• Fever
• Nasal discharge
• Coughing
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Neurological symptoms such as seizures, muscle twitching, and paralysis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of canine distemper is typically based on clinical signs and history, as well as laboratory tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of the virus.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for canine distemper. Supportive care is essential and may include:

• Fluid therapy to prevent dehydration
• Antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections
• Anticonvulsants for seizures
• Nutritional support

Prevention

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent canine distemper. Puppies should receive a series of vaccinations starting at 6-8 weeks of age, followed by booster shots. Adult dogs should receive regular booster vaccinations as recommended by their veterinarian.

Prognosis

The prognosis for dogs with canine distemper varies. Some dogs may recover fully, while others may suffer from long-term neurological damage or other complications. The mortality rate is high, especially in young puppies and unvaccinated dogs.

Related Pages

• Canine distemper virus
• Morbillivirus
• Paramyxoviridae
• Vaccination
• Neurological symptoms
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay