Middle East respiratory syndrome

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness that is new to humans. It was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has since spread to several other countries, including the United States. Most people infected with MERS-CoV developed severe respiratory illness, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Many of them have died.

Overview

MERS is caused by the coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The majority of MERS patients developed severe acute respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. About 3-4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died.

Symptoms

The symptoms of MERS include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, have also been reported. Some laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS infection are reported as asymptomatic, meaning that they do not have any clinical symptoms, yet they are positive for a MERS-CoV infection.

Transmission

MERS-CoV has been shown to spread between people who are in close contact. Transmission from infected patients to healthcare personnel has also been observed. Clusters of cases in several countries are being investigated.

Prevention

Currently, there is no vaccine available to protect against MERS. Individuals can protect themselves from respiratory illnesses by washing their hands often; avoiding touching their face; avoiding close contact with sick individuals; and keeping their surroundings clean.

Treatment

There are no specific treatments recommended for illnesses caused by MERS-CoV. Medical care is supportive and to help relieve symptoms.

See Also

• Coronavirus
• Respiratory Illness
• Pneumonia

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