Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that primarily affects equine species such as horses, donkeys, and zebras, but can also infect humans. It is a member of the genus Alphavirus within the family Togaviridae.

Epidemiology

VEEV is found primarily in the Americas, with outbreaks occurring in both North and South America. The virus is transmitted to equines and humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, primarily of the Culex and Aedes genera.

Clinical Manifestations

In equines, VEEV infection can cause severe encephalitis, leading to symptoms such as fever, anorexia, and neurological signs like ataxia and depression. The mortality rate in equines can be as high as 80%. In humans, the disease is usually mild and flu-like, but can occasionally progress to severe encephalitis, especially in children.

Prevention and Control

There is currently no specific treatment for VEEV infection. Prevention and control measures primarily involve vector control and vaccination of equines. A vaccine for VEEV is available for use in horses.

Research and Development

VEEV has been studied as a potential biological weapon, due to its ability to cause severe disease and its ease of transmission via aerosol. Research is ongoing to develop more effective vaccines and treatments for VEEV infection.

See Also

• Eastern equine encephalitis virus
• Western equine encephalitis virus
• Equine encephalitis