Andes orthohantavirus

Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) is a virus of the Hantavirus genus, in the family Hantaviridae, which is primarily transmitted by the rodent species Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, also known as the long-tailed pygmy rice rat. ANDV is the only hantavirus that has been demonstrated to transmit from person to person.

Epidemiology

ANDV is found predominantly in South America, particularly in Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay. The virus is named after the Andes mountain range, where many cases have been reported. The primary vector, O. longicaudatus, is widely distributed in the southern cone of South America.

Transmission

ANDV is primarily transmitted through inhalation of aerosols or direct contact with the feces, urine, or saliva of infected rodents. Human-to-human transmission has also been documented, particularly in close contact settings such as household members and healthcare workers.

Clinical Manifestations

Infection with ANDV can lead to Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with a high mortality rate. Symptoms typically begin with fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, followed by shortness of breath and coughing as the disease progresses.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ANDV infection is typically made through serological testing, including ELISA and immunoblot assays. Molecular methods such as PCR can also be used to detect viral RNA in blood or tissue samples.

Treatment and Prevention

There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for ANDV infection. Management is primarily supportive, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in severe cases. Prevention strategies focus on avoiding contact with rodents and their droppings, and implementing infection control measures in healthcare settings.

See Also

• Hantavirus
• Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
• Oligoryzomys longicaudatus

Andes orthohantavirus Resources
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