Progressive vaccinia

Progressive Vaccinia is a rare and severe complication that can occur following vaccination with the smallpox vaccine. It is also known as vaccinia necrosum, vaccinia gangrenosum or disseminated vaccinia. Progressive vaccinia is characterized by progressive necrosis and ultimately destruction of skin and underlying tissues at the site of vaccination.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Progressive vaccinia is caused by the vaccinia virus, which is used in the smallpox vaccine. It occurs in individuals with immune deficiencies, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing treatment for cancer, or those taking immunosuppressive drugs.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The initial symptoms of progressive vaccinia are similar to those of a normal smallpox vaccination reaction. However, instead of healing, the vaccination site continues to grow and spread, causing tissue damage and necrosis. Other symptoms may include fever, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of progressive vaccinia is based on the clinical presentation and history of recent smallpox vaccination. Laboratory tests, such as virus isolation and PCR, can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for progressive vaccinia includes supportive care and antiviral medications. The antiviral drug cidofovir has been used successfully in some cases. In addition, VIGIV (Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous) can be used to boost the immune response.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Prevention of progressive vaccinia involves careful screening of individuals before smallpox vaccination to identify those with immune deficiencies. In addition, individuals with known immune deficiencies should avoid contact with recently vaccinated individuals.

See also[edit | edit source]

Progressive vaccinia Resources
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