Vaccinia immune globulin

Vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) is a blood product used as an antidote for complications that may occur after smallpox vaccination. It is derived from the plasma of individuals who have been immunized against smallpox.

Indications

Vaccinia immune globulin is indicated for the treatment of certain complications that may occur following smallpox vaccination, including eczema vaccinatum, progressive vaccinia, severe generalized vaccinia, and vaccinia infections in individuals with skin conditions such as burns, impetigo, varicella-zoster, or poison ivy. It is also used in individuals who have been exposed to orthopoxviruses.

Mechanism of Action

Vaccinia immune globulin works by providing passive immunity to the vaccinia virus, the virus used in the smallpox vaccine. It contains antibodies that neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting cells and spreading throughout the body.

Administration

Vaccinia immune globulin is administered intravenously. The dose and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the patient's condition and their response to therapy.

Side Effects

Common side effects of vaccinia immune globulin include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Serious side effects can include anaphylaxis, thrombosis, and transfusion reactions.

Contraindications

Vaccinia immune globulin should not be used in individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to blood products. It should also be used with caution in individuals with a history of heart disease, kidney disease, or thrombotic events.

See Also

• Smallpox vaccine
• Passive immunity
• Blood product
• Antidote