Transfusion reaction

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Transfusion reaction is a medical term referring to adverse effects that occur due to the transfusion of whole blood or blood components. These reactions can range from minor to severe and can even be life-threatening in some cases.

Types of Transfusion Reactions[edit | edit source]

There are several types of transfusion reactions, including:

  • Hemolytic transfusion reactions: This is a severe reaction that occurs when the recipient's immune system destroys the donor blood cells. This can happen if the recipient receives the wrong type of blood.
  • Allergic transfusion reactions: These reactions occur when the recipient's immune system reacts to allergens in the donor's blood. Symptoms can range from mild, such as hives, to severe, such as anaphylaxis.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of a transfusion reaction can vary depending on the type of reaction. They may include:

  • Fever and chills
  • Pain at the site of transfusion
  • Dark urine
  • Chest pain
  • Trouble breathing
  • Rapid heart rate

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of a transfusion reaction typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and various tests. These may include:

  • Blood tests: To check for signs of hemolysis or other abnormalities.
  • Urine tests: To check for hemoglobin, a sign of hemolysis.
  • Chest X-ray: To check for signs of TACO or TRALI.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for a transfusion reaction depends on the type and severity of the reaction. It may include:

  • Stopping the transfusion
  • Administering medications to treat symptoms
  • Treating any underlying conditions that may have contributed to the reaction

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Prevention of transfusion reactions primarily involves careful matching of blood types and screening of donor blood. Other measures may include:

  • Using leukocyte-reduced blood products
  • Using irradiated blood products
  • Pre-medicating the recipient with antipyretics or antihistamines
Transfusion reaction Resources

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD