Eczema vaccinatum

Eczema vaccinatum is a rare and severe skin condition that can occur when a person with eczema or a history of eczema comes into contact with the smallpox vaccine. It is characterized by a widespread skin rash that can be life-threatening, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Causes

Eczema vaccinatum is caused by the vaccinia virus, which is used in the smallpox vaccine. The virus can spread from the vaccination site to other areas of the skin, particularly in individuals with eczema or a history of eczema. This can occur if the person with eczema is vaccinated, or if they come into contact with someone who has recently been vaccinated.

Symptoms

The symptoms of eczema vaccinatum typically begin within a week of exposure to the vaccinia virus. They may include:

• A widespread skin rash, often with blisters and pustules
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes

In severe cases, the condition can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, blindness, and death.

Treatment

Treatment for eczema vaccinatum typically involves antiviral medications to combat the vaccinia virus. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. It is also important to manage the symptoms of eczema to prevent further complications.

Prevention

The best way to prevent eczema vaccinatum is to avoid the smallpox vaccine if you have eczema or a history of eczema. If you come into contact with someone who has recently been vaccinated, avoid touching the vaccination site and wash your hands thoroughly.

See also

• Eczema
• Smallpox vaccine
• Vaccinia virus

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