Pathogenic fungus

Pathogenic fungus refers to a type of fungus that causes diseases in humans or other organisms. The study of pathogenic fungi is a branch of mycology, a sub-discipline of microbiology.

Overview

Pathogenic fungi are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They can cause a wide range of diseases, from superficial skin infections to life-threatening systemic diseases. These fungi can be broadly classified into two groups: primary pathogens and opportunistic pathogens.

Primary pathogens such as Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides immitis can cause disease in healthy individuals. They are typically geographically restricted and cause systemic infections.

Opportunistic pathogens such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus usually cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. They are ubiquitous in the environment and can cause a variety of infections, from superficial to systemic.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of fungal infections involves the interaction between the pathogen and the host's immune response. Factors that influence the outcome of this interaction include the virulence of the fungus, the dose of the fungus, and the immune status of the host.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of fungal infections can be challenging due to the wide range of clinical presentations and the lack of specific symptoms. Laboratory tests such as microscopy, culture, and serology are often used. More recently, molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used to detect fungal DNA in clinical samples.

Treatment of fungal infections depends on the type of fungus and the severity of the infection. Antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole are commonly used. In severe cases, surgical debridement may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention of fungal infections involves reducing exposure to the fungus and improving the immune status of the host. This can be achieved through measures such as wearing protective clothing, maintaining good personal hygiene, and receiving appropriate vaccinations.

See Also

• Mycosis
• Antifungal medication
• Fungal disease in plants