Orthohepadnavirus

Orthohepadnavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Hepadnaviridae. Viruses in Orthohepadnavirus are primarily associated with vertebrates. There are currently seven species in this genus including the type species Hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, which may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Taxonomy

The following species are recognized:

• Hepatitis B virus
• Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
• Woodchuck hepatitis virus
• Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus
• Arctic squirrel hepatitis virus
• Tent-making bat hepatitis B virus
• Roundleaf bat hepatitis B virus

Structure

Viruses in Orthohepadnavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 42 nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length.

Life Cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and tubule-guided viral movement. Humans and birds serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.

External links

• Orthohepadnavirus at NCBI
• Viralzone: Orthohepadnavirus
• ICTV

Orthohepadnavirus Resources
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