Female infanticide

Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children. It is a form of gender-based violence that has been practiced in various cultures and societies throughout history. Female infanticide reflects deep-seated gender biases and is often the result of socio-economic factors, including the preference for male children, who are often seen as carriers of the family name and providers for parents in old age. This practice has been documented in countries across Asia, including India and China, as well as in parts of the Middle East and Africa.

Causes

The causes of female infanticide are complex and varied. In many cultures, there is a strong preference for male children, who are perceived as being more valuable economically and socially. This preference is often related to the dowry system, where the family of a bride is required to offer significant financial gifts to the groom's family, making daughters economically burdensome. In addition, in some societies, only sons are allowed to inherit property and perform funeral rites for their parents, further diminishing the perceived value of daughters.

Historical Context

Historically, female infanticide has been practiced for centuries. In ancient societies, including those of Greece and Rome, infanticide was not uncommon and was often accepted in cases of deformity, illegitimacy, or economic hardship. However, female infants were particularly vulnerable due to the societal preference for males. In China, the practice was linked to the One-child policy, which led to a significant gender imbalance in the population. Similarly, in India, the availability of ultrasound technology for sex determination has been implicated in the increase in female infanticide and sex-selective abortion.

Consequences

The consequences of female infanticide are far-reaching. It contributes to a skewed sex ratio in the population, leading to a surplus of males in society. This imbalance can result in increased levels of violence, human trafficking, and social unrest. Additionally, the devaluation of female life contributes to a cycle of gender discrimination that affects all areas of society, including employment, education, and political representation.

Legal and Social Responses

Many countries have enacted laws to combat female infanticide, including bans on sex-selective abortion and measures to protect newborn girls. Social campaigns and initiatives aim to change attitudes towards girls and promote gender equality. Non-governmental organizations and international bodies, such as the United Nations, have also played a crucial role in raising awareness and advocating for the rights of girls and women.

See Also

• Gendercide
• Sex-selective abortion
• Women's rights
• Child murder