Ferrous gluconate

Ferrous gluconate
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration	Oral
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Legal status
CAS Number	299-29-6
PubChem	9291
DrugBank	DB11121
ChemSpider	8925
KEGG	D07961

Overview

Ferrous gluconate is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an essential mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good health.

Chemical Composition

Ferrous gluconate is the iron(II) salt of gluconic acid. Its chemical formula is C₁₂H₂₂FeO₁₄. It appears as a yellowish-gray or pale greenish-yellow powder or granules.

Mechanism of Action

Ferrous gluconate works by replenishing iron stores in the body. Iron is a critical component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. It is also a component of myoglobin, a protein that provides oxygen to muscles, and is necessary for cellular metabolism and energy production.

Indications

Ferrous gluconate is indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and for the prevention of iron deficiency in high-risk populations, such as pregnant women, infants, and individuals with chronic blood loss.

Dosage and Administration

Ferrous gluconate is typically administered orally. The dosage depends on the patient's age, condition, and response to treatment. It is usually taken on an empty stomach for better absorption, but if it causes stomach upset, it can be taken with food.

Side Effects

Common side effects of ferrous gluconate include constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Dark stools are also a common side effect and are not harmful. Serious side effects are rare but can include allergic reactions and iron overload.

Contraindications

Ferrous gluconate should not be used in individuals with hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, or other conditions that lead to iron overload. It is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug.

Interactions

Ferrous gluconate can interact with certain medications, including antacids, tetracyclines, and quinolones, which can decrease its absorption. It can also interact with levothyroxine, reducing its effectiveness.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, ferrous gluconate is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum. Its absorption is enhanced by the presence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and is inhibited by calcium, phosphates, and phytates.

Storage

Ferrous gluconate should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. It should be kept out of reach of children to prevent accidental overdose.

See Also

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Iron supplements
• Hemoglobin

External Links

• [MedlinePlus: Ferrous Gluconate](https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682578.html)