Fertiliser use in Nepal

Cow manure used as organic fertiliser in hilly region

Fertiliser Use in Nepal refers to the application of chemical fertilisers, organic fertilisers, and other soil amendments in Nepal to enhance agricultural production. The country's agriculture is predominantly reliant on the monsoon season, making effective soil management and fertilisation critical for ensuring food security and livelihoods for a significant portion of its population.

Overview

Nepal's agriculture is characterized by smallholder farms that depend heavily on the monsoon rains. The use of fertiliser in Nepal is influenced by various factors including agricultural policies, availability of subsidies, access to markets, and the knowledge and practices of local farmers. The country's rugged terrain and the variability of its climate across different regions also affect the types of fertilisers used and their application rates.

Types of Fertilisers Used

In Nepal, both organic fertilisers and chemical fertilisers are used. Organic fertilisers include manure, compost, and other bio-based materials, which are traditionally used in Nepalese agriculture. Chemical fertilisers, such as urea, DAP (diammonium phosphate), and potash, have been increasingly used, especially in more accessible areas, due to their immediate impact on crop yields.

Organic Fertilisers

Organic fertilisers play a crucial role in sustaining soil health and fertility in Nepal. They are preferred in remote and hilly areas where access to chemical fertilisers is limited. The use of organic matter not only improves soil structure and fertility but also supports sustainable agricultural practices.

Chemical Fertilisers

The government of Nepal has been promoting the use of chemical fertilisers through subsidies and other support programs to increase agricultural productivity. However, the distribution of chemical fertilisers often faces challenges such as delays, shortages, and logistical issues, particularly in remote areas.

Impact on Agriculture

The appropriate use of fertilisers can significantly increase crop yields and improve food security in Nepal. However, the overuse or improper application of chemical fertilisers can lead to soil degradation, water pollution, and adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, balanced fertilisation practices that combine both organic and chemical inputs are recommended to maintain soil health and agricultural sustainability.

Challenges

One of the major challenges in fertiliser use in Nepal is the lack of knowledge and training among farmers regarding the optimal use of fertilisers. Additionally, the country faces logistical challenges in transporting fertilisers to remote and hilly regions. The reliance on imported fertilisers also makes Nepal vulnerable to international market fluctuations and supply chain disruptions.

Future Directions

To improve fertiliser use in Nepal, efforts are being made to enhance farmers' knowledge through extension services, promote the use of organic fertilisers, and improve the supply chain and distribution networks for chemical fertilisers. The government and various NGOs are also working on policies and programs to support sustainable fertilisation practices and to reduce dependency on imported fertilisers.