Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-Like 1 (FGFRL1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFRL1 gene. This protein belongs to the family of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs), which play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, as well as embryonic development and wound healing. Unlike the other members of the FGFR family, FGFRL1 does not have a tyrosine kinase domain and thus, does not have the typical enzymatic activity associated with receptor tyrosine kinases. Its precise function in cellular processes and signaling pathways remains an area of active research.

Structure[edit | edit source]

FGFRL1 is composed of three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a unique intracellular domain that lacks the tyrosine kinase domain found in other FGFR family members. This unique structure suggests that FGFRL1 may act in a manner distinct from other FGFRs, possibly as a decoy receptor or as a regulator of other FGFRs.

Function[edit | edit source]

The exact role of FGFRL1 in cellular signaling and function is not fully understood. It is believed to bind fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) with high affinity, similar to other FGFRs, but without initiating the typical tyrosine kinase signaling cascade. This suggests that FGFRL1 may modulate the activity of other FGFRs through sequestration of FGFs or by forming heterodimers with other FGFRs, thereby affecting the signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and migration.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Alterations in the expression of FGFRL1 have been observed in various types of cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. However, the exact contribution of FGFRL1 to cancer development and progression is still under investigation. Additionally, due to its involvement in cell growth and differentiation, FGFRL1 is a subject of interest in the study of developmental disorders and regenerative medicine.

Research Directions[edit | edit source]

Current research on FGFRL1 is focused on elucidating its precise biological functions and signaling mechanisms. Understanding the role of FGFRL1 in normal physiology and disease states may provide new insights into the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, as well as identify potential therapeutic targets for cancer and other diseases.