Film noir

File:The Stranger (1946) by Orson Welles.webm

Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations. The term film noir, French for "black film" or "dark film," was first applied to Hollywood films by French critic Nino Frank in 1946, but was unrecognized by most American film industry professionals of that era.

Characteristics

Film noir encompasses a range of plots, but the central theme often revolves around crime, moral ambiguity, and complex characters. The visual style of film noir is heavily influenced by German Expressionism, featuring stark lighting contrasts, deep shadows, and unusual camera angles. The narrative style often includes flashbacks, voice-over narration, and intricate plots.

Historical Context

Film noir emerged in the early 1940s and continued into the late 1950s. The genre was influenced by the disillusionment following World War II and the influx of European filmmakers to Hollywood. Classic film noir is often associated with the Great Depression and the Cold War era, reflecting the societal anxieties of those times.

Notable Films

Some of the most iconic films in the film noir genre include:

• The Maltese Falcon (1941)
• Double Indemnity (1944)
• Sunset Boulevard (1950)
• The Big Sleep (1946)
• Touch of Evil (1958)

Subgenres and Influence

Film noir has given rise to several subgenres, including neo-noir and tech-noir. Neo-noir films, such as Chinatown (1974) and Blade Runner (1982), update the themes and visual style of classic film noir for contemporary audiences. Tech-noir combines elements of film noir with science fiction, as seen in films like The Terminator (1984).

Legacy

The influence of film noir extends beyond cinema to literature, television, and other forms of media. The genre has inspired numerous television series, graphic novels, and video games. Its themes of moral ambiguity and complex characters continue to resonate with audiences today.

See also

• Neo-noir
• Tech-noir
• German Expressionism
• Crime film
• Noir fiction