Firewater (fire fighting)

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Firewater (Fire Fighting)

Firewater, also known as fire fighting foam, is a specialized liquid used to extinguish and suppress fires. It is a crucial tool in firefighting operations, particularly for combating flammable liquid fires. Firewater is designed to quickly smother and cool the flames, preventing the fire from spreading and causing further damage.

Composition

Firewater typically consists of a mixture of water, foam concentrate, and air. The foam concentrate is a key ingredient that helps the water form a thick, stable foam blanket when mixed and agitated. This foam blanket acts as a barrier between the fuel source and the oxygen in the air, cutting off the fire's fuel supply and suppressing the flames.

Types of Firewater

There are several types of firewater, each designed for specific types of fires. Some common types include:

Class A Foam

Class A foam is designed for combating fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, and cloth. It helps to penetrate and saturate these materials, making them less flammable and easier to extinguish.

Class B Foam

Class B foam is specifically formulated for flammable liquid fires, such as gasoline, oil, and solvents. It forms a vapor-sealing blanket on the surface of the liquid, preventing the release of flammable vapors and suppressing the fire.

Class K Foam

Class K foam is used for fires involving cooking oils and fats, commonly found in commercial kitchens. It is highly effective at cooling and extinguishing these types of fires, which can be particularly challenging to put out with water alone.

Application

Firewater is typically applied using specialized equipment such as foam generators, foam chambers, and foam nozzles. Firefighters and emergency responders are trained to use this equipment effectively to apply the foam to the fire source and surrounding area. Proper application is essential to ensure the fire is fully extinguished and does not reignite.

Environmental Considerations

While firewater is an effective firefighting tool, it is important to consider its environmental impact. Some foam formulations contain chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which can be harmful to the environment and human health. Efforts are being made to develop more environmentally friendly foam formulations that are equally effective in firefighting operations.

See Also

• Firefighting
• Foam extinguisher
• Fire suppression system