Fixed partial denture

Fixed Partial Denture

Afixed partial denture (FPD), commonly referred to as a dental bridge, is a prosthetic device used in dentistry to replace one or more missing teeth by permanently joining an artificial tooth to adjacent teeth or dental implants. Fixed partial dentures are a crucial component of restorative dentistry, providing both functional and aesthetic benefits to patients.

Overview

Fixed partial dentures are designed to "bridge" the gap created by one or more missing teeth. They are typically made from materials such as porcelain, gold, alloys, or a combination of these materials. The choice of material depends on the location of the missing teeth, the patient's bite, and aesthetic considerations.

Components

A fixed partial denture consists of the following components:

• Pontic: The artificial tooth that replaces the missing tooth. It is designed to mimic the shape and size of the natural tooth it replaces.
• Abutment Teeth: The natural teeth or implants that support the pontic. These teeth are prepared to receive the bridge and are often covered with crowns.
• Connectors: These are the parts of the bridge that connect the pontic to the abutment teeth.

Types of Fixed Partial Dentures

1.Traditional Bridges: These are the most common type of bridge and involve creating a crown for the tooth or implant on either side of the missing tooth, with a pontic in between.

2.Cantilever Bridges: Used when there are adjacent teeth on only one side of the missing tooth or teeth.

3.Maryland Bonded Bridges: Also known as resin-bonded bridges, these are made of plastic teeth and gums supported by a metal framework. Metal wings on each side of the bridge are bonded to the existing teeth.

4.Implant-Supported Bridges: These are used when more than one tooth is missing. Instead of being supported by crowns or frameworks, these bridges are supported by dental implants.

Procedure

The process of getting a fixed partial denture typically involves several steps:

1.Initial Consultation: The dentist evaluates the patient's oral health and discusses the best options for replacing missing teeth.

2.Preparation of Abutment Teeth: The abutment teeth are reshaped to accommodate the crowns that will hold the bridge in place.

3.Impressions: Impressions of the teeth are taken to create a model for the bridge.

4.Temporary Bridge: A temporary bridge may be placed to protect the exposed teeth and gums while the permanent bridge is being made.

5.Fitting the Permanent Bridge: Once the permanent bridge is ready, it is fitted, adjusted, and cemented into place.

Benefits

Fixed partial dentures offer several benefits, including:

• Restoration of Function: They restore the ability to chew and speak properly.
• Aesthetic Improvement: They help maintain the shape of the face and improve the smile.
• Prevention of Teeth Shifting: They prevent remaining teeth from drifting out of position.

Maintenance

Proper oral hygiene is essential to maintain the longevity of a fixed partial denture. Patients should:

• Brush twice daily and floss regularly.
• Use a special floss threader to clean under the pontic.
• Visit the dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings.

Also see

• Dental implant
• Removable partial denture
• Crown (dentistry)
• Oral hygiene