Flame retardant

Flame retardants are materials that inhibit or resist the spread of fire. They can be separated into several categories, including mineral, inorganic, and organic flame retardants. Flame retardants are used in a variety of applications, including in the production of building materials, electronics, furnishings, and textiles.

History

The use of flame retardants dates back to ancient times. The Ancient Egyptians used alum as a flame retardant and the Ancient Romans used asbestos.

Types

Mineral flame retardants

Mineral flame retardants are typically compounds of aluminium, antimony, or boron. They are often used in textiles and thermoset plastics.

Inorganic flame retardants

Inorganic flame retardants are compounds that contain elements such as bromine, chlorine, and phosphorus. They are often used in printed circuit boards.

Organic flame retardants

Organic flame retardants are typically compounds that contain carbon. They are often used in polyurethane foams.

Mechanisms of action

Flame retardants work by interrupting the combustion process, either by releasing a flame-dousing gas, by forming a protective layer on the surface of a material, or by inhibiting the chemical reactions that allow fire to continue.

Health and environmental concerns

Some flame retardants have been associated with health and environmental concerns. For example, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been linked to neurodevelopmental problems in children.

Regulation

Regulation of flame retardants varies by country. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the use of certain flame retardants.

See also

• Fire safety
• Fireproofing
• Fire resistance

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