Foreign object damage

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Screech Owl named Fod found on USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75)

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Do not leave FOD

Foreign Object Damage (FOD) refers to damage sustained by aeronautical equipment, especially aircraft, due to foreign objects that are ingested, struck, or otherwise come into contact with the equipment during its operation. FOD can result in damage to aircraft engines, airframes, or other components, potentially leading to unsafe flight conditions, increased maintenance costs, and even accidents or incidents. The sources of FOD include debris on runways, such as rocks, sand, pieces of pavement, and wildlife, as well as objects left in the aircraft or engine by maintenance personnel.

Causes and Sources

The primary sources of FOD are:

• Airports and Runways: Debris on runways and taxiways, including pieces of tire, pavement, and even wildlife, can be ingested by aircraft engines or strike other parts of the aircraft.
• Maintenance Activities: Tools, parts, or other objects left inside the aircraft during maintenance can become FOD during flight.
• Environmental: Sand, dust, and volcanic ash can cause FOD, especially to engines, when aircraft operate in or near such conditions.
• Operational: Cargo or personal belongings that come loose and strike the aircraft during operation.

Prevention

Preventing FOD is a critical aspect of airport operations and aircraft maintenance. Strategies include:

• Regular inspections and cleaning of runways and taxiways.
• Use of FOD detection systems at airports.
• Strict tool control and accountability procedures in maintenance activities.
• Training of personnel in FOD prevention practices.

Impact

FOD can have significant impacts on aviation safety and operations, including:

• Damage to aircraft engines, which can lead to in-flight failures.
• Damage to airframes and control surfaces, affecting the aircraft's aerodynamic properties.
• Increased maintenance costs and aircraft downtime.
• In severe cases, accidents that could result in loss of life.

Detection and Management

Efforts to detect and manage FOD include:

• FOD detection technologies, such as radar and video systems, to identify debris on runways.
• Regular manual inspections and sweeps of aircraft operating areas.
• Implementation of FOD management programs by airlines and airports.

In Popular Culture

FOD has been featured in various aviation-related documentaries and safety training materials, highlighting its dangers and the importance of prevention measures.