Formica rufa

Formica rufa, also known as the red wood ant, southern wood ant, or horse ant, is a species of ant native to Europe and Asia. It is a member of the genus Formica within the family Formicidae.

Description

Formica rufa is a large ant species, with workers measuring between 4.5 and 9 mm in length. The ants are reddish-brown in color, with darker abdomens. They are known for their large, dome-shaped anthills, which can reach up to 2 meters in height.

Distribution and habitat

Formica rufa is widely distributed across Europe and Asia. It is commonly found in forests, particularly in coniferous and mixed forests. The ants build their nests in sunny locations, often at the base of trees.

Behavior

Formica rufa ants are known for their aggressive behavior, especially when defending their nests. They can spray formic acid as a defensive mechanism. These ants are also omnivorous, feeding on a variety of food sources including insects, honeydew, and carrion.

Ecological role

Formica rufa plays a significant role in its ecosystem. The ants help to control pest populations by preying on insects. They also contribute to soil fertility by breaking down organic matter.

Conservation

While Formica rufa is not currently considered threatened, it is protected in some countries due to its ecological importance. In the United Kingdom, for example, it is illegal to disturb the nests of Formica rufa without a license.

See also

• List of Formica species
• Ant colony